Technology Readiness Levels
Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) are a measurement system used to assess the maturity level of engineered technological innovations, as well as for components of a system, model, tool, etc. The measurement allows professionals to understand how much development a particular technology needs before being utilized, and eventually, widely adopted by the industry. Each technology project is evaluated against the parameters of each level and assigned a TRL rating based on its state. There are nine TRLs in three subsections (research, development, and deployment), with one being the least ready and nine being used in real-life conditions.
Research
Basic principles of concept are observed and reported Scientific observations are made, and research begins to be translated into applied research and development—for example, a paper-based study of a technology’s basic properties.
Technology concept or application formulated Invention and creation begin. Once basic principles are observed, researchers, developers, or scientists can invent practical applications. However, activities are limited to analytical studies.
Analytical and experimental critical function or proof of concept Effective research and development initiated, including analytical and laboratory studies. For example, activities might include investigations and laboratory measurements to validate analytical projections.
Development
Component and/or validation in a laboratory environment Technology and its features are validated through designed investigation. For example, analysis is conducted on the operational parameters of the technology.
Component and/or validation in a simulated environment The technological components are tested in a simulated environment, and the reliability of the technology significantly increases from the previous level. For example, the technology could involve the validation of a semi-integrated system in a simulated environment.
Model or prototype demonstration in a simulated environment A model or prototype system is verified and represents a near-desired design. For example, the prototype system/model is produced and demonstrated in a mock environment.
Deployment
Prototype ready for demonstration in an appropriate operational environment The model or prototype is planned at an operational level and is ready for demonstration in a functioning environment (field testing). For example, a prototype model/system is verified in an active environment.
Actual technology completed and qualified through tests and demonstrations Technology has been proven to function under expected conditions. For example, some activities at this level include developmental testing and evaluating whether it will meet operational requirements.
Actual technology is proven through successful deployment in an operational setting Finally, the system/model is proven and ready for full deployment. An example includes the actual system/model being successfully executed for multiple tasks.
