Hujjojin ilimin sifili suna tafiya kasuwanci: Barka da bayanan sirri, sannu sirrin

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Maris 17, 2023

Tabbatattun abubuwan da ba a sani ba (ZKPs) sun kasance na ɗan lokaci, amma yanzu sun zama sananne kuma suna kasuwanci. Wannan ci gaban wani bangare ne na ci gaban fasahar blockchain da kuma buƙatar ƙarin sirri da tsaro. Tare da ZKPs, a ƙarshe za a iya tantance sunayen mutane ba tare da ba da bayanan sirri ba.

Tabbacin sifili-ilimi yana tafiya mahallin kasuwanci

A cikin cryptography (nazarin amintattun dabarun sadarwa), ZKP wata hanya ce ga wata ƙungiya (mai magana) don nuna wa wata ƙungiya (mai tabbatarwa) cewa wani abu gaskiya ne yayin ba da ƙarin bayani. Yana da sauƙi a tabbatar da cewa mutum yana da bayanai idan sun bayyana wannan ilimin. Koyaya, ɓangaren mafi ƙalubale shine tabbatar da mallakin wannan bayanin ba tare da faɗin menene wannan bayanin ba. Saboda nauyin kawai don tabbatar da mallakin ilimi ne, ka'idojin ZKP ba za su buƙaci wasu mahimman bayanai ba. Akwai manyan nau'ikan ZKP guda uku:

• Na farko yana da mu'amala, inda mai tantancewa ya gamsu da wata hujja bayan jerin ayyuka da mai magana ya yi. Jerin ayyuka a cikin ZKPs masu mu'amala suna da alaƙa da ka'idodin yuwuwa tare da aikace-aikacen lissafi. 
• Nau'i na biyu kuma shi ne wanda ba ya hulɗa da juna, inda mai magana zai iya nuna cewa sun san wani abu ba tare da bayyana abin da yake ba. Ana iya aika hujjar zuwa ga mai tabbatarwa ba tare da wata hanyar sadarwa tsakanin su ba. Mai tabbatarwa na iya bincika cewa an samar da hujja daidai ta hanyar duba cewa an yi simintin hulɗar su daidai. 
• A ƙarshe, zk-SNARKs (Gaskiya Ba-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge) wata dabara ce da aka saba amfani da ita don tabbatar da ciniki. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta ƙunshi bayanan jama'a da na sirri a cikin tabbacin. Mai tabbatarwa zai iya duba ingancin ciniki ta amfani da wannan bayanin.

Tasiri mai rudani

Akwai yuwuwar lokuta masu amfani ga ZKPs a cikin masana'antu. Mafi yawan alƙawarin sun haɗa da kuɗi, kiwon lafiya, kafofin watsa labarun, kasuwancin e-commerce, wasanni da nishaɗi, da kuma abubuwan tarawa kamar alamomin da ba su da ƙarfi (NFTs). Babban fa'idar ZKP shine cewa suna iya daidaitawa kuma suna da aminci, yana mai da su mafita mai kyau don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban matakin tsaro da ɓoyewa. Hakanan suna da wahala a hack ko tazara tare da hanyoyin tabbatar da gargajiya, suna sa su zama zaɓi mai banbanci don aikace-aikacen manyan matakai. Ga wasu masu ruwa da tsaki, samun damar gwamnati na samun bayanai shine babban abin damuwa saboda ana iya amfani da ZKPs wajen boye bayanai daga hukumomin kasa. Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da ZKPs don kare bayanai daga kamfanoni na ɓangare na uku, dandamali na kafofin watsa labarun, bankuna, da crypto-wallets.

A halin yanzu, ikon ZKP na ba da damar mutane biyu su raba bayanai amintacce yayin da suke adana bayanan da aka ce a sirri ya sa aikace-aikacen su ya dace don amfani da aikace-aikacen da aka raba (dApps). Wani bincike na 2022 da Gidauniyar Mina (kamfanin fasahar blockchain) ta gudanar ya auna cewa fahimtar masana'antar crypto game da ZKPs ya yaɗu sosai, kuma yawancin masu amsa sun yi imanin cewa zai kasance da mahimmanci a nan gaba. Wannan binciken babban sauyi ne daga shekarun da suka gabata, inda ZKPs ya kasance ra'ayi ne kawai na ka'idar da ke isa ga masu fasahar cryptographers kawai. Gidauniyar Mina ta shagaltu da nuna yadda ake amfani da ZKPs a cikin Web3 da Metaverse. A cikin Maris 2022, Mina ta sami dala miliyan 92 na kudade don ɗaukar sabbin ƙwararrun don samar da ababen more rayuwa na Web3 mafi aminci da dimokuradiyya ta amfani da ZKPs.

Faɗin abubuwan da ke tattare da hujjojin sifili 

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa na ZKPs zuwa kasuwanci na iya haɗawa da: 

• Bangaren kuɗin da aka raba (DeFi) ta amfani da ZKP don ƙarfafa ma'amalar kuɗi a cikin musayar-crypto, wallet, da APIs (musamman shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen).
• Kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu a hankali suna haɗa ZKP cikin tsarin tsaro na intanet ta hanyar ƙara layin tsaro na yanar gizo na ZKP a cikin shafukan shiga su, cibiyoyin sadarwar rarraba, da hanyoyin shiga fayil.
• Ka'idodin wayowin komai a hankali ana iyakancewa ko hana su tattara bayanan sirri (shekaru, wuri, adiresoshin imel, da sauransu) don yin rajista/ shiga.
• Aikace-aikacen su don tabbatar da daidaikun mutane don samun damar ayyukan jama'a (misali, kiwon lafiya, fansho, da sauransu) da ayyukan gwamnati (misali, ƙidayar jama'a, tantance masu jefa ƙuri'a).
• Kamfanonin fasaha waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin cryptography da alamun da ke fuskantar ƙarin buƙatu da damar kasuwanci don mafita na ZKP.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Shin kun fi son amfani da ZKP maimakon bada bayanan sirri?
• Ta yaya kuma kuke tsammanin wannan yarjejeniya za ta canza yadda muke yin ma'amaloli akan layi?