Blue carbon credits: Branching fita a cikin yanayin tsaro

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Afrilu 15, 2024

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Tsarin halittu na ruwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kama carbon da kuma kariya daga hawan teku, yana nuna mahimmancin carbon blue a cikin dabarun yanayi na duniya. Haɗa shuɗin carbon cikin manufofin ƙasa da yarjejeniyoyin yanayi na ƙasa da ƙasa yana nuna gagarumin sauyi ga gane da kuma ba da damar yin amfani da rawar da teku ke takawa wajen rage sauyin yanayi. Koyaya, sanin cikakken yuwuwar kiredit ɗin carbon mai shuɗi yana fuskantar ƙalubale, gami da haɗa su cikin kasuwannin carbon da ake da su da kuma buƙatar sabbin ayyukan kiyayewa da sabuntawa.

Mahallin kiredit na blue carbon

Tsarin halittu na ruwa da na bakin teku, da suka haɗa da mangroves, ciyawar ciyawa, da marsh, ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa da zagayowar carbon na duniya ba amma kuma suna aiki a matsayin kariya ta yanayi daga hauhawar matakan teku. Gane kimarsu, an ayyana ma'anar carbon carbon shuɗi ne ta ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, irin su Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma (FAO), a matsayin carbon ɗin da yanayin tekun duniya da na bakin teku suka kama. Muhimmancin waɗannan mahalli wajen magance sauyin yanayi ya haifar da shigar da su cikin dabarun yanayi na ƙasa da ƙasa, yana mai jaddada buƙatar saka hannun jari sosai a cikin kiyayewa da dawo da su.

Sauya yunƙurin carbon shuɗi daga ba da shawarwari zuwa aiwatarwa yana nuna haɓakar yarda da yuwuwarsu a rage sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa. Kasashe suna shigar da wadannan halittun cikin tsare-tsarensu na ayyukan sauyin yanayi karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris, tare da bayyana rawar da blue carbon ke takawa wajen rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli da kuma daidaita yanayin sauyin yanayi. Misali, Ostiraliya da Amurka sun haɗa da carbon shuɗi a cikin maƙasudin rage hayakinsu. Nadi na COP25 (Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi na 2019) a matsayin "Blue COP" ya kara jaddada muhimmiyar rawar da teku ke takawa a cikin tsarin yanayin duniya da kuma muhimmancin yanayin halittun ruwa a kokarin rage yanayi.

Duk da yuwuwar kiredit ɗin carbon shuɗi, ƙalubalen ya ta'allaka ne wajen haɗa su yadda ya kamata cikin tsarin ciniki na hayaƙi (ETS) da tabbatar da an gane ƙimar su a cikin kasuwannin son rai da kuma bin ka'idodin carbon. Fa'idodi na musamman na yanayin muhallin carbon shuɗi, kamar kiyaye halittu masu rai da goyan bayan kariyar bakin teku, sanya waɗannan ƙididdiga don ba da umarni mai ƙima a kasuwa. Bugu da kari, ayyukan majagaba a kasar Japan, mai da hankali kan ciyawa na teku da noman macroalgae, da kuma hanyoyin kasa da kasa da aka kirkira don maido da kiyaye wuraren dausayi, matakai ne masu matukar muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da aikin kiredit na carbon carbon. 

Tasiri mai rudani

Yayin da ayyukan carbon carbon shuɗi ke samun karɓuwa, sabbin damar aiki na iya fitowa a cikin ilimin halittun ruwa, kiyaye muhalli, da kamun kifi mai dorewa, wanda ke ba da buƙatuwar haɓakar buƙatun carbon da ƙwararrun sarrafa yanayin muhalli. Mutane da yawa za su iya samun kansu cikin daidaitawa da ayyukan da ke jaddada dorewar muhalli, wanda ke haifar da ma'aikata waɗanda ba ƙwararrun al'adun gargajiya kaɗai ba har ma da masaniya game da dabarun rage sauyin yanayi. Wannan sauyi kuma zai iya ƙarfafa mutane da yawa su shiga cikin ƙoƙarin kiyayewa na gida, haɓaka juriyar al'umma ga sauyin yanayi.

Kasuwancin jigilar kaya, kamun kifi, da kasuwancin yawon buɗe ido na bakin teku na iya buƙatar saka hannun jari a ayyukan da ke rage sawun carbon ɗin su ko tallafawa ayyukan carbon shuɗi kai tsaye don cimma burin al'amuran zamantakewar kamfanoni da kuma bin ƙa'idodin da ke fitowa kan hayaƙin carbon. Wannan yanayin zai iya haifar da sabbin abubuwa a cikin sarrafa sarkar samar da kayayyaki, inda kamfanoni ke ba da fifikon haɗin gwiwa tare da masu samar da ci gaba mai dorewa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, masana'antu waɗanda ba a al'adance suna da alaƙa da yanayin yanayin ruwa na iya bincika ƙimar carbon carbon shuɗi don rage fitar da iskar carbon ɗin su, faɗaɗa iyakokin dabarun muhalli na kamfanoni.

Gwamnatoci na iya haɓaka ingantattun tsare-tsare na kula da shiyyar bakin teku waɗanda suka haɗa da carbon shuɗi a matsayin babban ɓangaren daidaita yanayin yanayi da dabarun ragewa. Haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe na iya ƙarfafawa yayin da suke neman raba mafi kyawun ayyuka, fasahohi, da tsarin ba da kuɗi don ayyukan carbon shuɗi, mai yuwuwar haifar da ƙarin manufofin haɗin gwiwar duniya kan sauyin yanayi. Haka kuma, kimar kimar carbon shuɗi na iya zama wani muhimmin al'amari na yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci na ƙasa da ƙasa, da yin tasiri ga shawarwari ta hanyar haɗa la'akari da muhalli cikin yanke shawara na tattalin arziki.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da kiredit na blue carbon

Faɗin fa'idodi na ƙididdige ƙimar carbon carbon na iya haɗawa da: 

• Ingantattun kudade don ayyukan kiyaye ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin muhallin bakin teku da karuwar bambancin halittu.
• Ƙirƙirar ayyukan koren a cikin kula da bakin teku da maidowa, yana ba da gudummawa ga bambance-bambancen tattalin arziki a cikin al'ummomin bakin teku.
• Ƙarfafa fifiko kan ilimin muhalli da bincike, haɓaka tsararraki mafi sani da kuma tsunduma cikin lamuran yanayi.
• Canje-canje a cikin tsarin saka hannun jari zuwa masana'antu masu dorewa da muhalli, rage dogaro ga mai.
• Gwamnatoci suna haɗa dabarun carbon carbon shuɗi cikin tsare-tsaren ayyukan sauyin yanayi na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin buƙatun rage yawan iskar carbon.
• Haɓaka cikin yawon buɗe ido yayin da aka dawo da kuma kiyaye yankunan bakin teku suna jan hankalin ƙarin baƙi, haɓaka tattalin arziƙin cikin gida yayin haɓaka kiyayewa.
• Canje-canje a cikin tsare-tsaren amfani da ƙasa da ƙa'idodin haɓakawa don kare yanayin yanayin carbon shuɗi, da tasiri na ƙasa da sassan gine-gine.
• Haɓaka sha'awar jama'a da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin fasahar shuɗi, haɓaka sabbin abubuwa a cikin hanyoyin sarrafa iskar iskar gas na tushen ruwa.
• Babban bincike da buƙatun ka'idoji don masana'antu masu tasiri ga muhallin bakin teku, yana haifar da tsaftataccen ayyuka da rage lalacewar muhalli.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Ta yaya kasuwancin gida zai iya haɗa ayyukan carbon carbon shuɗi cikin dabarun dorewarsu don amfanar muhalli da layinsu na ƙasa?
• Ta yaya daidaikun mutane za su iya shiga ko tallafawa shirye-shiryen carbon blue a cikin al'ummominsu?