Zabar embryos: Wani mataki zuwa ga jarirai masu zane?

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Maris 3, 2023

Yawancin binciken kimiyya sun gano bambance-bambancen jinsin da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman halaye ko yanayi a cikin kwayoyin halittar ɗan adam. Wasu masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa ana iya amfani da wannan bayanin don tantance embryos don waɗannan halayen yayin hadi in vitro (IVF). Haɓaka samuwa da ƙarancin tsadar waɗannan sabis ɗin gwajin haihuwa yana da wasu masana ɗabi'a sun damu cewa yana iya gabatar da wani nau'i na eugenics yarda da jama'a cikin tsarin haihuwar ɗan adam a duniya.

Zaɓi mahallin embryos

Gwajin kwayoyin halitta ya samo asali ne daga gwaji kawai ga kwayar halitta guda daya da ke haifar da takamaiman cuta, irin su cystic fibrosis ko cutar Tay-Sachs. Shekarun 2010 sun ga hauhawar girma a cikin ƙarar bincike da ke haɗa bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta da yawa tare da takamaiman halaye da cututtuka. Waɗannan binciken suna ba masana kimiyya damar yin nazarin ɗimbin bambance-bambancen bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayar halittar mutum don tantance ƙimar haɗarin polygenic, wanda shine yuwuwar mutum zai sami takamaiman hali, yanayi, ko cuta. Waɗannan ƙididdiga, waɗanda galibi kamfanoni kamar 23andMe ke bayarwa, an yi amfani da su don tantance haɗarin yanayi kamar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da kansar nono a cikin manya. 

Duk da haka, kamfanonin gwajin kwayoyin suna ba da waɗannan ƙididdiga ga mutanen da ke yin IVF don taimaka musu su zaɓi wane amfrayo za su dasa. Kamfanoni kamar Orchid, wanda ke da nufin taimakawa mutane su sami jarirai masu lafiya, suna ba da shawarwarin kwayoyin halitta wanda ya haɗa da irin wannan bincike. Wani kamfani, da ake kira Genomic Prediction, yana ba da gwajin ƙwayar cuta na preimplantation don cututtukan polygenic (PGT-P), wanda ya haɗa da yiwuwar haɗari ga yanayi kamar schizophrenia, ciwon daji, da cututtukan zuciya.

Tattaunawar ɗabi'a kan ko yakamata a jefar da tayin bisa ƙididdige ƙididdiga na IQ ya ci karo da hujjar cewa yakamata iyaye su zaɓi mafi kyau ga 'ya'yansu. Masana kimiyya da yawa sun yi gargaɗi game da ɗaukar makin haɗari don ƙimar su kamar yadda tsarin da ke bayan makin polygenic yana da rikitarwa, kuma sakamakon ba koyaushe daidai bane. Wasu halaye kamar babban hankali suna da alaƙa da rashin lafiyar mutum kuma. Kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa waɗannan ƙididdiga sun dogara ne akan nazarin bayanan Eurocentric, don haka ƙila ba za su iya zama sananne ga yaran sauran kakanni ba. 

Tasiri mai rudani 

Ɗaya daga cikin damuwa na yin amfani da ƙididdiga masu haɗari don zaɓar amfrayo "masu kyau" shine yuwuwar ƙirƙirar al'umma inda ake ganin mutanen da ke da wasu halaye ko halaye a matsayin mafi kyawawa ko "mafi kyau." Wannan yanayin zai iya haifar da ƙarin kyama da nuna wariya ga mutanen da ba su da waɗannan halayen "da ake so". Hakanan akwai yuwuwar yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin don ta'azzara rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin da ake ciki. Alal misali, a ce kawai waɗanda za su iya biyan kuɗin kuɗin IVF da gwajin kwayoyin halitta zasu iya samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin. A wannan yanayin, zai iya haifar da yanayi inda zaɓaɓɓun mutane ko ƙungiyoyi kawai za su iya samun yara masu halaye na hannu.

Akwai kuma yiyuwar yin amfani da waɗannan fasahohin na iya haifar da raguwar bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta, domin mutane na iya zabar ƴaƴan ƴaƴan haifuwa masu kamanceceniya. A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje da ƙimar haɗari ba cikakke ba ne kuma wani lokaci suna iya haifar da sakamako mara kuskure ko ɓarna. Wannan rashin isasshiyar hanyar zai iya sa mutane su yanke shawarar ko wane embryo za su dasa bisa ga kuskure ko cikakkun bayanai.

Duk da haka, ga ƙasashen da ke kokawa da haɓaka yawan jama'a, barin 'yan ƙasarsu su zaɓi mafi kyawun tayin zai iya haifar da ƙarin jarirai. Kasashen da suka ci gaba da yawa sun riga sun fuskanci yawan tsufa tare da rashin isassun matasa don yin aiki da tallafawa tsofaffi. Tallafin hanyoyin IVF da tabbatar da jarirai masu lafiya na iya taimakawa waɗannan tattalin arzikin su tsira da ci gaba.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da ɗaukar embryos

Faɗin abubuwan da ke tattare da ɗaukar embryo na iya haɗawa da:

• Fasahar haihuwa tana ci gaba fiye da IVF zuwa masu ciki na halitta, tare da wasu mutane suna tafiya har zuwa ƙarshen ciki dangane da tsinkayar kwayoyin halitta.
• Ƙara kira zuwa mataki zuwa ga masu tsara manufofi don tsara duban tayin, gami da tabbatar da cewa an ba da tallafin wannan zaɓi kuma ya isa ga kowa.
• Zanga-zangar adawa da batutuwa kamar nuna wariya ga jariran da ba su yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta ba.
• Ƙarin kamfanonin fasahar kere kere da suka ƙware a sabis na amfrayo ga ma'auratan da suke son yin ciki ta hanyar IVF.
• Ƙara ƙarar ƙararraki a kan asibitocin jarirai waɗanda ke haifar da lahani na kwayoyin halitta da nakasa duk da haɗarin haɗari da bincike.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Menene ra'ayinku game da gwajin kwayoyin halittar embryos don takamaiman halaye?
• Menene sauran sakamakon ƙyale masu yuwuwar iyaye su zaɓi ƴaƴan da suka dace?