Microbiome Injin Halitta: Gyara ƙwayoyin cuta don lafiya

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Maris 8, 2023

Microbiome ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wani yanayi na musamman. Canza kwayoyin halitta ta microbiome na iya taimakawa wajen murkushe ko nuna wasu halaye da isar da hanyoyin warkewa, gano aikace-aikace iri-iri a fannin noma, lafiya, da walwala.

Mahallin microbiome da aka kirkira ta kwayoyin halitta

Gut microbiome, al'ummar microorganisms a cikin hanjin mutum, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lafiya. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa microbiome na gut na iya rinjayar cututtuka na autoimmune, ciwon sukari, ciwon daji, cututtukan zuciya, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, har ma da ciki. Duk da haka, ma'auni na wannan yanayi mai laushi na iya damuwa da abubuwa daban-daban kamar abinci da maganin rigakafi, yana da wuya a sake dawowa. 

Masu bincike da yawa suna duban ƙwayoyin gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta don haɓaka damar su na rayuwa da daidaitawa. Misali, masana kimiyya a Jami’ar Texas A&M sun yi amfani da alakar da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta, E. coli, da roundworm wajen sarrafa kwayoyin halittar microbiome na tsutsotsi a shekarar 2021. Sun lura cewa lokacin da aka shigar da kwayoyin halittar da ke hana fluorescence a cikin plasmid na E. coli. tsutsotsin da suka cinye shi zai daina nuna haske. A wannan shekarar, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar California San Francisco sun yi nasarar loda ƙwayoyin cuta masu farautar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da tsarin gyaran kwayoyin halittar CRISPR don share ƙwayoyin chromosomes a cikin E. coli.

Komawa cikin 2018, masu bincike a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard sun yi aiki don sanya ƙwayoyin cuta sadarwa don daidaitawa da sarrafa su cikin jituwa. Sun gabatar da siginar sigina da da'ira mai amsawa don saki da gano adadin adadin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu. Lokacin da aka ciyar da berayen waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, hanjin duk mice sun nuna alamun watsa sigina, wanda ke tabbatar da nasarar sadarwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar microbiome na roba tare da ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanjin ɗan adam waɗanda ke da inganci wajen sadarwa a tsakanin su yayin gudanar da ayyukansu. 

Tasiri mai rudani 

Bincika yuwuwar yin amfani da dabarun gyara kwayoyin halitta don sarrafa microbiome na gut na iya magance rashin daidaituwa da ke ba da gudummawa ga lamuran lafiya daban-daban. Misali, ƙarin bincike na iya gano isar da magunguna don gyara rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hadadden hanjin ɗan adam. Ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na injiniya da aka sani suna da amfani ga lafiyar gut, masana kimiyya na iya ƙirƙirar sababbin jiyya don cututtuka daban-daban masu alaka da gut, ciki har da cututtukan hanji mai kumburi, ciwon hanji mai ban tsoro, har ma da kiba. Hakanan yana ba da damar sabbin hanyoyin jiyya don ciwon sukari saboda rashin daidaituwa na hormonal. 

Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ƙwayoyin cuta suka fi sauƙi don sarrafa kwayoyin halitta shine saboda tsarin DNA na su. Waɗannan ƙananan halittu suna da guntuwar DNA da ake kira plasmids ban da manyan abubuwan DNA da ake kira chromosomes. Plasmids na iya yin kwafin kansu kuma suna da ƙarancin kwayoyin halitta fiye da chromosomes, yana sa su sauƙin canzawa tare da kayan aikin kwayoyin. Musamman, ana iya sanya guntun DNA daga wasu kwayoyin halitta cikin kwayoyin plasmids.

Lokacin da plasmids ke yin kwafin kansu, suna kuma yin kwafin ƙarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ake kira transgenes. Misali, idan aka hada kwayar halittar dan adam don yin insulin a cikin plasmid, kamar yadda kwayoyin cutar ke yin kwafin plasmid, hakanan yana haifar da karin kwafin kwayoyin halittar insulin. Lokacin da ake amfani da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, yana samar da ƙarin insulin. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa wannan yuwuwar har yanzu yana da nisa saboda yawan rikitarwa na ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, binciken na yanzu yana iya samun aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin sarrafa kwari, haɓaka haɓakar shuka, da gano cututtukan dabbobi. 

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin microbiomes ta hanyar ƙetaren halitta

Babban fa'idar aikin injiniyan ƙwayoyin cuta mai nasara na microbiome a cikin mahalli da yawa na iya haɗawa da:

• Ƙara bincike a cikin kayan aikin gyara kwayoyin halitta, kamar CRISPR.
• Bude sabbin damammaki don samar da albarkatun halittu, abinci, da sauran kayayyaki ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka fi dacewa da takamaiman ayyuka.
• Rage amfani da maganin rigakafi wanda ke kaiwa kwayoyin cuta ba gaira ba dalili. 
• Ƙara sha'awar magani na keɓaɓɓen da ganewar asali, inda aka keɓance jiyya dangane da microbiome na hanjin mutum.
• Hatsari mai yuwuwa a cikin yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda zai iya ƙara faruwar wasu cututtuka.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Idan aka yi la’akari da rikitaccen microbiome na hanjin ɗan adam, kuna ganin cikakken aikin injiniyan halittarsa ​​zai yiwu nan ba da jimawa ba?
• Yaya tsada kuke hasashen yawaitar aikace-aikacen irin waɗannan hanyoyin zai kasance?