Ƙididdigar kwayoyin halitta: Ƙididdigar haɗarin samun cututtukan kwayoyin halitta

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Fabrairu 17, 2022

Yawancin mutane suna da cututtukan da ke haifar da canje-canje a ko dai ɗaya ko da yawa daga cikin kwayoyin halittarsu, yanayin da yawancin abubuwan gado da muhalli ke tasiri. Masu bincike suna nazarin waɗannan canje-canje don samun zurfin fahimtar rawar da kwayoyin halitta ke takawa a wasu cututtuka. 

Hanya ɗaya da mutane za su koyi game da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta shine ta hanyar "maki mai haɗari na polygenic," wanda ke nazarin yawan adadin canje-canjen kwayoyin da ke da alaka da cutar. 

mahallin makin kwayoyin halitta

Masu bincike sun raba cututtukan kwayoyin halitta zuwa kashi biyu: (1) cututtukan kwayoyin halitta guda daya da (2) cututtuka masu rikitarwa ko polygenic. Yawancin cututtukan da aka gada suna shafar dubban mutane, kuma galibi ana iya gano su zuwa bambance-bambancen jinsi guda, yayin da cututtukan polygenic sakamakon yawancin bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta ne, hade da abubuwan muhalli, kamar abinci, bacci, da matakan damuwa. 

Don ƙididdige ƙimar haɗarin polygenic (PRS), masu bincike sun gano bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin mutanen da ke da cututtuka masu rikitarwa kuma suna kwatanta su da kwayoyin halittar mutane ba tare da waɗannan cututtukan ba. Babban jigon bayanan kwayoyin halitta yana ba masu bincike damar ƙididdige waɗanne bambance-bambancen da ake samu akai-akai a cikin mutanen da aka ba da cuta. Ana ɓoye bayanan a cikin kwamfuta, sannan ana iya amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga don ƙididdige haɗarin mutum ga wata cuta. 

Tasirin Rushewa 

Ana iya amfani da PRS don hango hasashen yadda kwayoyin halittar mutum suka kwatanta da waɗanda ke da cutar ta gado. Duk da haka, ba ya bayar da tushe ko ƙayyadaddun lokaci don ci gaban cuta; kawai yana nuna alaƙa ba dalili ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin nazarin kwayoyin halitta har zuwa yau sun bincika mutane ne kawai masu zuriyar Turai, don haka babu isasshen bayanai game da bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta daga sauran al'ummomi don ƙididdige PRS ɗin su yadda ya kamata. 

Masu bincike sun gano cewa ba duka cututtuka ba, kamar kiba, ke da ƙananan haɗarin kwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, yin amfani da PRS a cikin al'ummomi na iya taimakawa wajen ƙayyade yiwuwar mutum ga cututtuka, kamar ciwon nono, don sa baki da wuri da kuma inganta sakamakon lafiya. Samun PRS na iya keɓance bayanan haɗarin cututtuka, da haɓaka lafiyar jama'a gaba ɗaya kamar yadda zai iya ƙarfafa mutane su yi canje-canjen salon rayuwa don hana ko jinkirta farawar cututtuka. 

Aikace-aikace na makin kwayoyin halitta

Aikace-aikace na makin kwayoyin halitta na iya haɗawa da: 

• Daidaita magunguna a cikin gwaji na asibiti ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar da suke ƙoƙarin magancewa.
• Tattara bayanan kwayoyin halitta game da matakan magance cutar ta hanyar samun kyakkyawan hoto game da abubuwan da ke haifar da wasu mutane masu saurin kamuwa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. 
• Auna basirar jariri da karfin jiki don sanar da iyaye game da yuwuwar ci gaban ci gaban ci gaba ko dama don haɓaka ci gaban yaro a gaba.
• Auna yanayin halittar dabbobi da dabbobin gida don tantance halinsu ga wasu cututtukan dabbobi. 

Tambayoyi don yin tsokaci akai

• Shin kwayoyin halitta suna yin nauyi fiye da abubuwan muhalli idan ana maganar samun cututtuka? 
• Shin yana da da'a ga kamfanonin inshora su yi amfani da PRS don kimanta ƙimar kuɗin da daidaikun mutane suka biya?