Haƙƙin Robot: Masu ba da shawara suna yaƙi don saɓon mutum-mutumi na nan gaba

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Janairu 3, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Manufar haƙƙin mutum-mutumi ya haifar da cece-kuce, tare da wasu ƙwararru suna ba da shawarar wajibcinsu kamar yadda hankali na wucin gadi (AI) da mutum-mutumi suka samo asali zuwa ga ra'ayi mai yuwuwa, yayin da wasu ke yin gargaɗi game da haɗarin kawar da masu haɓakawa daga sakamakon kurakuran algorithmic. Magoya bayansa suna jayayya cewa yayin da mutum-mutumin ke ɗaukar ayyuka masu sarƙaƙƙiya, ana buƙatar kafa dokoki don gudanar da ayyukansu, tare da yin kamanceceniya da haƙƙin doka da aka baiwa kamfanoni. Koyaya, masu sukar sun yi gargaɗin cewa irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin na iya haifar da lamuran al'umma, kamar ƙaura daga ma'aikata, ƙara rashin daidaito, da ƙalubale masu sarƙaƙiya na doka.

Mahallin haƙƙin robot

Tunanin haƙƙin mutum-mutumi lamari ne mai cike da cece-kuce tsakanin masana kimiyya waɗanda ke haɓaka tsarin basirar ɗan adam (AI) da kuma mutum-mutumi masu daidaitawa. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa ba da haƙƙin mutum-mutumi na al'ada da ke alaƙa da mutane na iya ƙyale masu haɓakawa su guje wa ɓangarensu a cikin ɓarna na algorithm. Sauran kungiyoyi, irin su Ƙungiyar Amirka don Rigakafin Mummuna ga Robots (ASPCR), sun ba da shawarar haƙƙin mutum-mutumi tun 1999. 

A cewar ASPCR, rashin fahimtar yuwuwar tunanin AI yana kama da korar haƙƙin da ba na Turai ba a farkon al'adun Yammacin Turai. Har ila yau, yana da sauri don magance duk wani shakku, yana ambaton cewa Ƙungiyar Amirka don Rigakafin Mummunan Dabbobi ta kasance abin ba'a a cikin 1890s. Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta kuma tattauna akan wajibai da haƙƙin na'urar mutum-mutumi. 

Yawancin masu goyon bayan haƙƙin mutum-mutumi sun yi imanin cewa a ƙarshe masana kimiyya za su yi nasara wajen haɓaka AI da mutummutumi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dole hukumomin doka da suka dace su tsara wasu ginshiƙai. Waɗannan dokokin kuma sun zama masu dacewa yayin da mutum-mutumi ke ɗaukar ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar binciken asibiti da ayyukan injin. Alamar irin waɗannan yunƙurin ya zo ne daga ba da matsayin mutum ga kamfanoni, ba su damar ɗaukar alhakin ayyukansu. 

Tasiri mai rudani 

Masu sukar wannan ra'ayi sun yi imanin cewa ba da kariya ta doka ga robots zai ba masu haɓaka damar guje wa sakamakon ayyukansu. Misali, yawancin software na AI na iya samar da yanke shawara na wariyar launin fata saboda rashin ingancin bayanai. Irin wannan lahani na iya haifar da keɓance wasu tsiraru daga damar aiki, da kuma rikice-rikicen rayuwa da mutuwa, musamman idan ana batun tilasta doka da kiwon lafiya. 

Yana yiwuwa idan AI bots tare da algorithms masu haɓaka kansu sun ci gaba da ɗaukar ayyuka masu rikitarwa a wurin aiki, za su iya koyi kwaikwayi motsin zuciyar ɗan adam da jin daɗi. Ganin wannan yanayin, yayin da yawancin masana, masu haɓakawa, da masu doka na iya watsar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a halin yanzu (2021), wannan kwarin mara kyau na AI kwaikwayo na iya canza ra'ayin jama'a a cikin yardar AI. Koyaya, ana iya samun batutuwan yadda za'a sanya waɗannan robobin na'urar yin lissafi don ayyukansu, musamman yayin da kamfanonin inshora ke fama da haɗarin yanar gizo da ka'idodin AI.

Sannu a hankali, muna iya ganin yanayi na gaba inda 'yan majalisa ke haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna amma fayyace bambance-bambance tsakanin doka da na halitta ko 'yancin ɗan adam. Mutumcin kamfani na iya zama tushen tsarin doka don mutummutumi, ƙirƙirar dokokin abin alhaki daidai da matakin alhakinsu da ikon gyara kansu. Kamfanonin Robotic na iya haɓaka binciken su a cikin ɗabi'un AI, gami da yuwuwar ƙirƙirar injunan haɓakar bayanan gaba ɗaya (AGI).

Abubuwan haƙƙin mutum-mutumi

Faɗin haƙƙoƙin robot na iya haɗawa da: 

• Kare masu haɓakawa daga sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na algorithms waɗanda ba za su iya sarrafawa ba.
• Ƙarfafa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun manufofi don haɗa haƙƙin mutum-mutumi a cikin manhajojin kwaleji, shirya lauyoyi na gaba don shari'o'in shari'a game da mutummutumi a cikin saitunan kamfanoni. 
• Haɓaka rashin yarda da jama'a game da mutummutumi, yana haifar da raguwar tallace-tallacen na'urorin AI kamar tsaftacewa da lalata bots.
• Ƙaddamar da sabon alkuki a cikin mashahuri, ci gaba, gwagwarmayar zamantakewa wanda ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mutum-mutumi.
• Ƙirƙirar fasaha da gasa kamar yadda kamfanoni da masu bincike ke ƙoƙari don haɓaka ci gaba da haɓaka AI.
• Muhimmiyar gudun hijirar aiki da karuwar rashin aikin yi, yayin da injina ke maye gurbin ma'aikatan ɗan adam a sassa daban-daban, munanan rashin daidaiton kuɗin shiga da tashin hankali na zamantakewa.
• Rikice-rikicen siyasa da ƙalubale na shari'a yayin da gwamnatoci da tsarin shari'a ke gwagwarmaya tare da ayyana da tabbatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Kuna ganin robots/AI sun cancanci hakki? Shin waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun dogara ne akan ko mutum-mutumi ya zama abin ji ko a'a? 
• Kuna tsammanin gaba ɗaya halin yawan jama'a game da mutum-mutumi yana da kyau? Me yasa ko me yasa?