Organoids: Samar da gabobin aiki a wajen jikin mutum

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Nuwamba 12, 2021

Organoids, ƙananan nau'ikan gabobin ɗan adam waɗanda aka ƙera daga sel mai tushe, suna canza fagen magani ta hanyar ba da hanya mara cin zarafi don nazarin cututtuka da gwada jiyya. Waɗannan ƴan ƙanƙan ƙwayoyin gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi, kodayake ba su da sarƙaƙƙiya kamar ainihin abu, suna taimaka wa masu bincike samun zurfin fahimta game da jikin ɗan adam da ci gaban cututtuka, mai yuwuwar haifar da ƙarin inganci da jiyya na keɓancewa. Koyaya, yayin da fasahar organoid ke ci gaba, yana haifar da sabbin ƙalubale, gami da buƙatar ƙa'idodi don kare sirrin kwayoyin halitta da yuwuwar tabarbare rashin daidaiton kiwon lafiya.

mahallin Organoids

Organoids, a zahiri, ƙananan sassan sassan jikin mutum ne. Rukunin nama masu girma uku ne, an ƙera su da kyau daga sel mai tushe, waɗanda su ne albarkatun jiki, waɗanda ke iya samar da kowane nau'in tantanin halitta. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta, yayin da basu ci gaba ba tukuna, suna da yuwuwar rikidewa zuwa tsarin da ke kwaikwayi takamaiman gabobin dan adam. 

Wannan aikin yana yiwuwa ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar halitta a cikin sel. Duk da yake kwayoyin halitta ba su da cikakkiyar hadaddun gabobin jikin mutum, suna ba da wata hanya mai dacewa don nazarin gabobin aiki ba tare da yin amfani da hanyoyi masu cin zarafi ko gwaje-gwaje akan mutane masu rai ba. Masu bincike suna da kyakkyawan fata game da yuwuwar kwayoyin halitta a matsayin kayan aiki don samun zurfin fahimta game da jikin mutum da hanyoyin ci gaban cututtuka. 

Misali, binciken 2022 da aka buga a cikin jarida Nature ya nuna yadda za a iya amfani da kwayoyin halittar kwakwalwa don nazarin cututtukan jijiya kamar Alzheimer's. Masu binciken sun iya yin samfurin ci gaban cutar a cikin kwayoyin halitta, suna ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci a farkon matakansa. Irin wannan bincike yana jaddada yuwuwar kwayoyin halitta a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin binciken cututtuka da gano magunguna.

Nazarin 2023 a cikin Hepatol Commun Mujallar ta nuna cewa ana iya amfani da kwayoyin hanta don gwada ingancin magunguna don cututtukan hanta, rage dogaro ga gwajin dabbobi. Wannan ba wai kawai yana gabatar da tsarin da'a ba ne don gwajin ƙwayoyi, amma har ma mafi daidaito, kamar yadda organoids zasu iya yin mafi kyawun amsawar ɗan adam ga kwayoyi.

Tasiri mai rudani

Amfani da organoids a cikin nazarin cututtukan da ba kasafai ba da kuma gudanar da nazarin warkewa wani yanayi ne da ke da yuwuwar yin tasiri na dogon lokaci a fagen magani. Misali, ikon “girma” kwayar halittar kwakwalwa wacce ke kwaikwayon ayyukan jijiya, kamar yadda masu bincike daga Jami’ar California Los Angeles suka nuna a cikin 2021, babban ci gaba ne. Yayin da fasahar ke ci gaba da inganta, ana sa ran cewa kwayoyin halitta za su iya kwaikwayi sauran hadaddun gabobin kamar zuciya. Nazarin 2022 da aka buga a Frontiers sun yi amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta na zuciya don bincika ci gaban cututtukan zuciya, suna ba da sabbin fahimta game da hanyoyin da ke cikin su.

A cikin keɓaɓɓen magani, ana iya ƙirƙira organoids daga ainihin sel na mutumin da ke fama da wata cuta da ba kasafai ba, yana baiwa likitoci damar yin nazarin kusan kwafi na sashin jikin mara lafiya. Duk da haka, wannan kuma yana jaddada ɗaya daga cikin iyakokin kwayoyin halitta: rashin daidaituwa, daidaitaccen yanayi don ƙirƙirar su. Wannan sauye-sauye na iya sa ya zama ƙalubale ga masu bincike don kwatanta sakamako a cikin nazarin daban-daban. 

Gwamnatoci na iya buƙatar yin la'akari da tasirin da'a na amfani da kwayoyin halitta, musamman waɗanda ke kwaikwayi aikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, za a buƙaci a samar da ƙa'idoji don tabbatar da aminci da ɗa'a na amfani da wannan fasaha. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni na iya yin amfani da fasahar organoid don haɓaka sabbin magunguna da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, mai yuwuwar buɗe sabbin kasuwanni da hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga. Koyaya, ƙila kuma suna buƙatar kewaya ƙalubalen ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta akai-akai don tabbatar da sake haifuwa da amincin bincikensu. 

Abubuwan da ke haifar da organoids

Abubuwan da ke haifar da organoids na iya haɗawa da:

• Cikakkun nazarin gabobin da masu bincike suka kirkiri tarin kwayoyin halitta don yin gwaje-gwajen jiyya daban-daban. 
• Sabon nazarin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar daidaita sel daban-daban a cikin organoid don hulɗa tare da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban.
• Injiniyan tantanin halitta inda masana kimiyya zasu iya haifar da kwayoyin halitta don haɓaka zuwa wasu sifofi.
• Mahimman ragi a farashin kiwon lafiya kamar yadda mafi inganci da jiyya na keɓaɓɓen cututtuka na iya rage tsayi da tsadar zaman asibiti.
• Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ga binciken kimiyya da yuwuwar canje-canje a cikin dokokin haƙƙin dabba.
• Abubuwan da ke damun keɓantawa kamar bayanan halittar mutum zai buƙaci a adana kuma a yi amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna buƙatar sabbin ƙa'idoji don kare sirrin kwayoyin halitta.
• Tabarbarewar rashin daidaiton da ake samu a fannin kiwon lafiya kamar yadda samun damar yin amfani da magungunan da aka haɓaka ta amfani da wannan fasaha na iya iyakance ga waɗanda za su iya samun su.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Kuna tsammanin za a iya haɓaka organoids a ƙarshe don su zama masu maye gurbin gabobin? Me yasa ko me yasa?
• Shin za ku yarda a karɓi dashen organoid?