Ƙarshen raunin jiki na dindindin da nakasa: Makomar Lafiya P4

Don kawo ƙarshen rauni na dindindin, na zahiri, al'ummarmu dole ne ta zaɓi: Shin muna wasa da Allah da ilimin halittar ɗan adam ko mun zama na'ura?

Ya zuwa yanzu a cikin shirinmu na Lafiya na gaba, mun mai da hankali kan makomar magunguna da warkar da cututtuka. Kuma yayin da rashin lafiya shine dalilin da ya fi dacewa da muke amfani da tsarin kula da lafiyar mu, ƙananan dalilai na iya zama mafi girman kabari.

Ko an haife ku da nakasa ta jiki ko kuna fama da rauni wanda ke iyakance motsinku na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin, zaɓuɓɓukan kiwon lafiya a halin yanzu da ake samu don kula da ku galibi suna da iyaka. Ba mu da kayan aikin da za mu gyara lalacewar da ba ta dace ba ko kuma munanan raunuka.

Amma a tsakiyar 2020s, wannan halin da ake ciki za a juya shi a kai. Godiya ga ci gaban gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta da aka kwatanta a babin da ya gabata, da kuma ci gaban da aka samu a cikin ƙananan kwamfutoci da na'urori masu sarrafa mutum-mutumi, za a kawo ƙarshen zamani na rashin lafiyar jiki.

Mutum a matsayin inji

Lokacin da ya zo ga raunin jiki wanda ya haɗa da asarar wata kafa, mutane suna da ta'aziyya mai ban mamaki ta amfani da inji da kayan aiki don dawo da motsi. Misalin da ya fi fitowa fili, prosthetics, an yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru dubunnan, wanda aka fi ambata a cikin adabin Helenanci da na Romawa. A cikin 2000, masu binciken ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano mai shekaru 3,000. mummified saura na wata basarake 'yar ƙasar Masar wadda ta sa yatsan roba da aka yi da itace da fata.

Idan aka yi la’akari da wannan dogon tarihi na yin amfani da basirarmu don dawo da wani matakin motsi na jiki da lafiya, bai kamata ya zo da mamaki ba cewa ana maraba da amfani da fasahar zamani don dawo da cikakkiyar motsi ba tare da nuna rashin amincewa ba.

Smart prosthetics

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yayin da fannin prosthetics ya daɗe, shi ma ya yi jinkirin haɓakawa. Waɗannan ƴan shekarun da suka gabata sun ga ci gaba a cikin jin daɗinsu da kamannin rayuwa, amma a cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata ne aka sami ci gaba na gaskiya a fagen kamar yadda ya shafi farashi, aiki, da amfani.

Misali, inda da zarar zai kai dala 100,000 na sana'ar roba ta al'ada, mutane na iya yanzu. yi amfani da firintocin 3D don gina kayan aikin roba na al'ada (a wasu lokuta) akan kasa da $1,000.

A halin yanzu, ga masu sanye da ƙafafu na prosthetic waɗanda ke da wahalar tafiya ko hawan matakala a zahiri. sababbin kamfanoni suna yin amfani da fannin biomimicry don gina kayan aikin tiyata waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin yanayin tafiya da gogewar gudu, yayin da kuma yanke tsarin koyo da ake buƙata don amfani da waɗannan na'urori.

Wani batu game da ƙafafu na roba shi ne cewa masu amfani sukan same su da zafi don sawa na tsawon lokaci, koda kuwa an gina su. Hakan ya faru ne saboda masu ɗaukar nauyi na tilasta wa wanda aka yanke fata da naman da ke kusa da kututturen su murƙushe tsakanin kashi da na roba. Ɗayan zaɓi don yin aiki a kusa da wannan batu shine shigar da nau'in haɗin duniya kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙashin yanke (mai kama da na ido da hakori). Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya “zuba ƙafafu” kai tsaye cikin kashi. Wannan yana cire fata akan ciwon nama kuma yana bawa wanda aka yanke damar siyan nau'ikan kayan aikin da ake samarwa da yawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar samar da yawa.

Amma daya daga cikin sauye-sauye masu kayatarwa, musamman ga wadanda aka yanke masu hannu ko hannaye, shine amfani da fasaha mai saurin tasowa mai suna Brain-Computer Interface (BCI).

Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi

Da farko an tattauna a cikin mu Makomar Kwamfuta jerin, BCI ya ƙunshi yin amfani da na'urar dasawa ko na'urar bincikar ƙwaƙwalwa don saka idanu kan igiyoyin kwakwalwar ku da haɗa su da umarni don sarrafa duk wani abu da kwamfuta ke sarrafawa.

A gaskiya ma, ƙila ba ku gane shi ba, amma farkon BCI ya riga ya fara. An yanke jiki a yanzu gwajin gabobi na mutum-mutumi hankali yana sarrafa kai tsaye, maimakon ta hanyar na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke makale da kututturen mai sawa. Hakanan, mutanen da ke da nakasa mai tsanani (kamar quadriplegics) suna yanzu yin amfani da BCI don tafiyar da kujerun guragu masu motsi da sarrafa makamai masu linzami. Zuwa tsakiyar 2020s, BCI za ta zama ma'auni wajen taimaka wa waɗanda aka yanke da nakasa su tafiyar da rayuwarsu masu zaman kansu. Kuma zuwa farkon 2030s, BCI za ta sami ci gaba sosai don ƙyale mutanen da ke fama da raunin kashin baya su sake tafiya ta hanyar ba da umarnin tunanin tafiya zuwa ga ƙananan jikinsu ta hanyar motsa jiki. kafa kashin baya.

Tabbas, yin gyare-gyare masu wayo ba shine kawai abin da za a yi amfani da shi nan gaba ba.

Smart implants

Yanzu ana gwada dasa shuki don maye gurbin gabaɗayan gabobin, tare da dogon buri na kawar da lokutan jira da marasa lafiya ke fuskanta lokacin jiran dashen mai bayarwa. Daga cikin mafi yawan magana game da na'urorin maye gurbin gabobin shine zuciya bionic. Zane-zane da yawa sun shiga kasuwa, amma daga cikin mafi yawan alƙawarin shine a na'urar da ke fitar da jini a cikin jiki ba tare da bugun jini ba … yana ba da sabuwar ma’ana ga matattu masu tafiya.

Hakanan akwai sabon nau'in dasa shuki wanda aka tsara don inganta aikin ɗan adam, maimakon kawai dawo da wani zuwa yanayin lafiya. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan dasawa za mu rufe a cikin namu Makomar Juyin Halittar Dan Adam jerin.

Amma kamar yadda ya shafi lafiya, nau'in dasawa na ƙarshe da za mu ambata anan shine tsara na gaba, mai sarrafa lafiya. Yi la'akari da waɗannan a matsayin masu sarrafa bugun zuciya waɗanda ke sa ido sosai akan jikin ku, raba abubuwan nazarin halittu tare da app ɗin lafiya akan wayarku, kuma lokacin da ta hango farkon rashin lafiya yana sakin magunguna ko igiyoyin lantarki don daidaita jikin ku.  

Duk da yake wannan na iya yin kama da Sci-Fi, DARPA (bangaren bincike na ci gaba na sojojin Amurka) ya riga ya fara aiki akan wani aikin da ake kira. ElectRx, Gajeren Rubutun Lantarki. Dangane da tsarin ilimin halitta da aka sani da neuromodulation, wannan ɗan ƙaramin dashen zai sa ido kan tsarin jijiya na jiki (jiyoyin da ke haɗa jiki da kwakwalwa da kashin baya), kuma idan ta gano rashin daidaituwa wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya, zai saki lantarki. abubuwan da za su sake daidaita wannan tsarin juyayi tare da motsa jiki don warkar da kansa.

Nanotechnology iyo ta cikin jinin ku

Nanotechnology babban jigo ne wanda ke da aikace-aikace a fannoni daban-daban da masana'antu. A ainihinsa, kalma ce mai faɗi ga kowane nau'i na kimiyya, injiniyanci, da fasaha waɗanda ke auna, sarrafa ko haɗa kayan a sikelin nanometer 1 da 100. Hoton da ke ƙasa zai ba ku fahimtar sikelin nanotech yana aiki a ciki.

A cikin yanayin kiwon lafiya, ana binciken nanotech a matsayin kayan aiki wanda zai iya canza tsarin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar maye gurbin magunguna da yawancin tiyata gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen 2030s.  

Ta wata hanya kuma, yi tunanin za ku iya ɗaukar mafi kyawun kayan aikin likitanci da ilimin da ake buƙata don magance cuta ko yin tiyata kuma ku sanya shi cikin adadin saline—wani kashi da za a iya adana shi a cikin sirinji, a tura a ko’ina, kuma a yi masa allura ga duk wanda yake bukata. na kula da lafiya. Idan an yi nasara, zai iya sa duk abin da muka tattauna a surori biyu na ƙarshe na wannan jerin ya zama ya daina aiki.

Ido Bachelet, babban mai bincike a cikin nanorobotics na tiyata, hangen nesa ranar da ƙaramin tiyata kawai ya ƙunshi likita yana allurar sirinji mai cike da biliyoyin nanobots da aka riga aka tsara zuwa yankin da aka yi niyya na jikin ku.

Waɗancan nanobots ɗin za su bazu ta cikin jikin ku suna neman ɓarna. Da zarar an same su, za su yi amfani da enzymes don yanke ƙwayoyin nama da suka lalace daga nama mai lafiya. Sa'an nan kuma za a motsa jikin lafiyayyen sel don zubar da sel da suka lalace kuma su sake farfado da nama da ke kusa da kogon da aka yi daga cire naman da ya lalace. Nanobots na iya har ma da niyya da murkushe ƙwayoyin jijiya da ke kewaye don rage alamun zafi da rage kumburi.

Yin amfani da wannan tsari, ana iya amfani da waɗannan nanobots don kai hari ga nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban, da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da ƙwayoyin cuta na waje waɗanda za su iya cutar da jikin ku. Kuma yayin da waɗannan nanobots har yanzu aƙalla shekaru 15 ke nesa da yaduwar aikin likita, aikin wannan fasaha ya riga ya fara aiki sosai. Bayanan da ke ƙasa yana bayyana yadda nanotech zai iya sake sabunta jikinmu wata rana (ta ActivistPost.com):

Maganin farfadowa

Amfani da kalmar laima, maganin farfadowa, wannan reshe na bincike yana amfani da dabaru a cikin fagagen injiniyan nama da ilimin halittu don dawo da aikin nama da gabobin da suka lalace ko suka lalace. Ainihin, magungunan sake haɓakawa yana so ya yi amfani da ƙwayoyin jikin ku don gyara kansu, maimakon maye gurbin ko ƙara ƙwayoyin jikin ku da kayan haɓaka da injina.

Ta wata hanya, wannan hanyar warkarwa ta fi na halitta fiye da zaɓin Robocop da aka bayyana a sama. Amma idan aka ba da duk zanga-zangar da matsalolin ɗabi'a da muka gani sun tayar da waɗannan shekaru ashirin da suka gabata game da abinci na GMO, binciken ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma kwanan nan cloning ɗan adam da gyaran genome, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa maganin farfadowa zai shiga cikin wasu manyan adawa.   

Duk da yake yana da sauƙi a watsar da waɗannan damuwa kai tsaye, gaskiyar ita ce, jama'a suna da kusanci da fahimtar fasaha fiye da ilimin halitta. Ka tuna, prosthetics sun kasance a kusa da shekaru dubu; Samun damar karantawa da gyara kwayoyin halitta yana yiwuwa ne kawai tun shekara ta 2001. Shi ya sa mutane da yawa za su gwammace su zama cyborgs maimakon a yi la'akari da kwayoyin halittar “wanda Allah ya ba su”.

Shi ya sa, a matsayinmu na ma’aikacin gwamnati, muna fatan taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani game da dabarun sake farfado da magungunan da ke ƙasa zai taimaka wajen kawar da rashin kunya game da wasa da Allah. Domin mafi ƙarancin jayayya ga mafi yawan:

Siffar sel mai tushe

Wataƙila kun ji abubuwa da yawa game da ƙwayoyin sel a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, galibi ba a cikin mafi kyawun haske ba. Amma nan da shekarar 2025, za a yi amfani da sel mai tushe don warkar da yanayin jiki da raunuka iri-iri.

Kafin mu yi bayanin yadda za a yi amfani da su, yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa ƙwayoyin sel suna zaune a kowane sashe na jikinmu, suna jiran a kira su don gyara nama da suka lalace. A haƙiƙa, dukkanin ƙwayoyin trillion 10 da suka haɗa jikinmu sun samo asali ne daga waɗancan sel masu tushe na farko daga cikin mahaifiyarka. Yayin da jikin ku ya ɓullo, waɗancan sel masu tushe sun ƙware a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, ƙwayoyin zuciya, ƙwayoyin fata, da sauransu.

A kwanakin nan, masana kimiyya yanzu suna iya juya kusan kowane rukuni na sel a jikinka komawa cikin waɗancan sel masu tushe na asali. Kuma hakan babban al'amari ne. Tun da sel mai tushe suna iya canzawa zuwa kowane tantanin halitta a jikinka, ana iya amfani da su don warkar da kusan kowane rauni.

Mai sauƙaƙe misali Kwayoyin sel a wurin aiki sun haɗa da likitoci suna ɗaukar samfuran fata na masu ƙonewa, juya su zuwa sel mai tushe, haɓaka sabon fata a cikin kwano na petri, sannan yin amfani da sabuwar fatar da ta girma don dasawa / maye gurbin fatar mara lafiya. A matakin ci gaba, a halin yanzu ana gwada ƙwayoyin sel a matsayin magani ga maganin cututtukan zuciya kuma ko da warkar da kashin baya na nakasassu, kyale su sake tafiya.

Amma ɗayan mafi girman amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin sel suna amfani da sabbin fasahohin bugu na 3D.

3D bioprinting

3D bioprinting shine aikace-aikacen likitanci na bugu na 3D wanda ake buga kyallen takarda ta Layer Layer. Kuma maimakon yin amfani da robobi da karafa kamar firintocin 3D na yau da kullun, 3D bioprinters suna amfani da (kun gane shi) ƙwayoyin kara a matsayin kayan gini.

Gabaɗaya tsarin tattarawa da haɓaka sel masu tushe iri ɗaya ne da tsarin da aka tsara don misalin wanda aka ƙone. Koyaya, da zarar isassun ƙwayoyin sel sun girma, ana iya ciyar da su cikin firinta na 3D don samar da mafi yawan kowane nau'in halitta na 3D, kamar maye gurbin fata, kunnuwa, ƙasusuwa, kuma, musamman, za su iya kuma. bugu gabobin.

Waɗannan gabobin da aka buga na 3D ci-gaban nau'i ne na injiniyan nama wanda ke wakiltar madadin kwayoyin halittar gabobin jikin ɗan adam da aka ambata a baya. Kuma kamar waɗancan gaɓoɓin wucin gadi, waɗannan gabobin da aka buga za su rage ƙarancin gudummawar gabobi wata rana.

Wannan ya ce, waɗannan gabobin da aka buga suma suna ba da ƙarin fa'ida ga masana'antar harhada magunguna, tun da ana iya amfani da waɗannan gabobin da aka buga don ƙarin ingantattun magunguna da gwajin alluran rigakafi. Kuma tun da ana buga waɗannan gabobin ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin sel na majiyyaci, haɗarin garkuwar garkuwar jiki na kin waɗannan gaɓoɓin yana faɗuwa sosai idan aka kwatanta da gaɓoɓin da aka ba da kyauta daga mutane, dabbobi, da wasu injiniyoyin injiniyoyi.

Gabaɗaya a nan gaba, nan da 2040s, na'urori na 3D masu haɓakawa za su buga gabaɗayan gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓin da za a iya manne su da kututturen yanke da aka yanke, wanda hakan zai sa na'urar ta daina aiki.

Gene far

Tare da maganin kwayoyin halitta, kimiyya ta fara yin lalata da yanayi. Wannan wani nau'i ne na magani da aka tsara don gyara cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.

An yi bayani a sauƙaƙe, maganin ƙwayar cuta ya ƙunshi yin jerin abubuwan halittar ku (DNA); sannan a yi nazari a gano gurbacewar kwayoyin halittar da ke haddasa cuta; sannan canza / gyara don maye gurbin wadancan lahani tare da kwayoyin halitta masu lafiya (yanzu ta amfani da kayan aikin CRISPR da aka bayyana a cikin babi na baya); sannan a karshe ki dawo da wadancan kwayoyin halitta masu lafiya a yanzu su koma cikin jikin ku don warkar da cutar.

Da zarar an kammala, za a iya amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta don warkar da cututtuka daban-daban, kamar ciwon daji, AIDS, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya, har ma da zabar nakasa ta jiki kamar su. kurma.

Injiniyan halittu

Aikace-aikacen kiwon lafiya na injiniyan kwayoyin halitta sun shiga yankin launin toka na gaske. Maganar fasaha, haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da kuma maganin kwayoyin halitta su kansu nau'ikan injiniyan kwayoyin halitta ne, ko da yake masu laushi ne. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen injiniyan kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke damun yawancin mutane sun haɗa da cloning na ɗan adam da injiniyan jarirai masu ƙira da manyan mutane.

Waɗannan batutuwan za mu bar su zuwa ga jerin Juyin Halitta na Makomar Dan Adam. Amma don dalilan wannan babin, akwai aikace-aikacen injiniyan kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya waɗanda ba su da cece-kuce… da kyau, sai dai idan kai mai cin ganyayyaki ne.

A halin yanzu, kamfanoni kamar United Therapeutics suna aiki don injiniyoyin aladu tare da gabobin da ke dauke da kwayoyin halittar dan adam. Dalilin kara wadannan kwayoyin halittar dan adam shine don gujewa wadannan gabobin alade da garkuwar jikin dan Adam da aka dasa su a cikin su.

Da zarar an yi nasara, za a iya noman dabbobi a sikelin don samar da kusan adadin gabobin maye gurbin dabbobi zuwa mutum "xeno-transplantation." Wannan yana wakiltar madadin gaɓoɓin wucin gadi da 3D da aka buga a sama, tare da fa'idar kasancewa mai rahusa fiye da gabobin wucin gadi da ƙari tare da fasaha fiye da bugu na 3D. Wannan ya ce, adadin mutanen da ke da dalilai na ɗabi'a da na addini don adawa da wannan nau'i na samar da gabobin zai iya tabbatar da cewa wannan fasaha ba ta taɓa tafiya da gaske ba.

Babu sauran raunin jiki da nakasa

Idan aka ba da jerin wanki na fasaha vs. hanyoyin jiyya na halittu da muka tattauna yanzu, yana yiwuwa cewa zamanin Dindindin raunin jiki da nakasa za su zo ƙarshe nan da tsakiyar 2040s.

Kuma yayin da gasar da ke tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyin maganin diametric ba za ta taɓa ƙarewa da gaske ba, gabaɗaya, tasirinsu na gama kai zai wakilci nasara ta gaske a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam.

Tabbas, wannan ba duka labarin bane. A wannan gaba, jerin shirye-shiryenmu na gaba na Lafiya sun binciko shirye-shiryen da aka yi hasashe don kawar da cututtuka da raunin jiki, amma menene game da lafiyar kwakwalwarmu? A babi na gaba, za mu tattauna ko za mu iya warkar da hankalinmu cikin sauƙi kamar jikinmu.

Makomar jerin lafiya

Kiwon Lafiya yana Kusa da Juyin Juya Hali: Makomar Lafiya P1

Cutar Kwalara ta Gobe da Manyan Magungunan da aka Ƙirƙira don Yaƙar su: Makomar Lafiya P2

Madaidaicin Kula da Kiwon Lafiya a cikin Genome: Makomar Lafiya P3

Fahimtar Kwakwalwa don Goge Cutar Hauka: Makomar Lafiya P5

Fuskantar Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya na Gobe: Makomar Lafiya P6

Alhakin Kan Kiwon Lafiyar ku: Makomar Lafiya P7