Tsarin rigakafin rigakafi na Generative: Lokacin da AI ya sadu da DNA

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• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Satumba 7, 2023

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Ƙirar rigakafin mutum ta amfani da haɓakar hankali na wucin gadi (AI) don ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda suka zarce na gargajiya na iya haɓakawa da rage farashin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan ci gaban na iya sa jiyya na keɓaɓɓu ya zama mai yiwuwa kuma yana iya haɓaka sakamakon likita yayin haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ta hanyar rage nauyin cuta. Koyaya, irin waɗannan ci gaban sun haɗu da ƙalubale, gami da ƙauracewa aiki, abubuwan da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, da muhawarar ɗabi'a kan samun dama ga keɓaɓɓen jiyya.

Halin ƙirar ƙirƙira mai ƙira

Kwayoyin rigakafin sunadaran kariya ne da tsarin garkuwar jikin mu ya haifar wanda ke kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ta hanyar ɗaure su. Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi akai-akai a aikace-aikacen warkewa saboda halayensu na musamman, gami da rage martanin rigakafi da haɓaka takamaiman takamaiman antigens. Matakin farko na haɓaka maganin rigakafi ya haɗa da gano ainihin kwayoyin halitta. 

Ana samun wannan ƙwayar yawanci ta hanyar bincika manyan ɗakunan karatu na bambance-bambancen antibody daban-daban akan takamaiman antigen da ake nufi, wanda zai iya ɗaukar lokaci. Ci gaban kwayoyin halittar kuma tsari ne mai tsayi. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a ƙirƙira hanyoyin gaggawa don haɓaka magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Absci Corp, kamfani ne da ke New York da Washington, ya sami ci gaba a cikin 2023 lokacin da suka yi amfani da ƙirar AI na haɓaka don tsara sabbin ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke ɗaure tam ga takamaiman mai karɓa, HER2, fiye da ƙwayoyin rigakafin gargajiya. Abin sha'awa, wannan aikin ya fara ne tare da cire duk bayanan antibody da ke akwai, yana hana AI daga kwafi sanannun ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu inganci. 

Kwayoyin rigakafin da tsarin Absci's AI suka tsara sun bambanta, ba tare da sanannun takwarorinsu ba, suna jaddada sabon abu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka ƙera AI suma sun sami babban “halitta,” suna ba da shawarar sauƙin haɓakawa da yuwuwar haifar da ingantaccen martani na rigakafi. Wannan majagaba na amfani da AI don ƙirƙira ƙwayoyin rigakafin da ke aiki da kyau ko mafi kyau fiye da halittar jikinmu na iya yanke lokaci da kashewa na ci gaban rigakafin cutar.

Tasiri mai rudani

Ƙirar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ta haɓaka tana da babban alƙawari ga makomar magani, musamman don jiyya na keɓaɓɓen. Tunda martanin garkuwar jikin kowane mutum na iya bambanta sosai, ƙirƙirar jiyya da suka dace da takamaiman halayen garkuwar jikin mutum ya zama mai yiwuwa tare da wannan fasaha. Misali, masu bincike za su iya tsara wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke ɗaure da ƙwayoyin kansa na musamman a cikin majiyyaci, suna ba da tsarin jiyya na mutum ɗaya. 

Ci gaban ƙwayoyi na al'ada abu ne mai tsada, tsari mai cin lokaci tare da babban rashin nasara. Generative AI na iya haɓaka aikin ta hanyar gano yuwuwar ƴan takarar antibody cikin sauri, rage farashi da yuwuwar haɓaka ƙimar nasara. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin rigakafin AI-ƙira za a iya gyaggyarawa da kuma daidaita su cikin sauri don mayar da martani ga duk wani juriya da ƙwayoyin cuta suka haɓaka. Wannan ƙarfin yana da mahimmanci a cikin cututtukan da ke tasowa cikin sauri, kamar yadda aka shaida yayin bala'in COVID-19.

Ga gwamnatoci, rungumar haɓakar AI a cikin ƙirar rigakafin mutum na iya yin tasiri ga lafiyar jama'a. Ba wai kawai zai iya hanzarta mayar da martani ga rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiya ba, har ma yana iya sa kiwon lafiya ya fi dacewa. A al'adance, yawancin magungunan litattafai suna da tsada sosai saboda tsadar haɓakawa da kuma buƙatar kamfanonin harhada magunguna su dawo da jarin su. Duk da haka, idan AI zai iya rage waɗannan farashin kuma ya hanzarta tsarin ci gaban miyagun ƙwayoyi, za a iya ba da ajiyar kuɗi ga marasa lafiya, yana sa jiyya na zamani ya fi araha. Bugu da ƙari, mayar da martani cikin sauri ga barazanar kiwon lafiya da ke tasowa na iya rage tasirin su sosai a cikin al'umma, inganta tsaron ƙasa.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙirar antibody

Faɗin tasiri na ƙirar antibody generative na iya haɗawa da: 

• Mutanen da ke samun damar yin amfani da jiyya na keɓaɓɓen magani yana haifar da ingantattun sakamakon kiwon lafiya da tsawon rai.
• Masu ba da inshorar lafiya suna rage ƙimar kuɗi saboda ƙarin jiyya masu tsada da ingantattun sakamakon lafiya.
• Rage nauyin cututtuka na al'umma wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan aiki da ci gaban tattalin arziki.
• Ƙirƙirar sababbin ayyuka da sana'o'i sun mayar da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar AI, ilmin halitta, da magani, suna ba da gudummawa ga kasuwar aiki iri-iri.
• Gwamnatoci sun fi dacewa da kayan aiki don magance barazanar halittu ko annoba da ke haifar da ingantaccen tsaro na ƙasa da juriyar al'umma.
• Kamfanonin harhada magunguna suna jujjuya zuwa mafi dorewa da ingantaccen ayyukan bincike saboda raguwar gwajin dabbobi da amfani da albarkatu.
• Jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi suna daidaita manhajoji don haɗawa da AI da ƙirar rigakafin mutum, haɓaka sabon ƙarni na masana kimiyyar tsaka-tsaki.
• Hadarin da ke da alaƙa da keɓantawa da amincin bayanai kamar yadda ake buƙatar ƙarin lafiya da bayanan kwayoyin halitta don keɓantaccen ƙirar rigakafin mutum.
• Abubuwan da ke tattare da siyasa da ɗabi'a da ke tattare da samun dama ga jiyya na keɓaɓɓu wanda ke haifar da muhawara game da daidaito da adalci.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Idan kuna aiki a cikin kiwon lafiya, ta yaya kuma ƙirar antibody na iya haɓaka sakamakon haƙuri?
• Ta yaya gwamnatoci da masu bincike za su yi aiki tare don haɓaka fa'idodin wannan fasaha?