Tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu: Mataki na gaba zuwa kasuwancin sararin samaniya

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Maris 22, 2023

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Duk da yake ci gaban tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu yana cikin matakin farko, a bayyane yake cewa suna da yuwuwar yin tasiri ga makomar binciken sararin samaniya da amfani sosai. Yayin da kamfanoni da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke shiga cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya, gasar samun albarkatun sararin samaniya da kula da abubuwan more rayuwa na sararin samaniya na iya karuwa, wanda zai haifar da sakamako na tattalin arziki da siyasa.

Mahallin tashar sararin samaniya mai zaman kansa

Tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu wani sabon ci gaba ne a duniyar binciken sararin samaniya kuma suna da yuwuwar sauya yadda mutane suke tunani game da balaguron sararin samaniya da amfani. Waɗannan tashoshi na sararin samaniya mallakar keɓaɓɓu da sarrafa su kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyi ne ke haɓaka su don samar da dandamali don bincike, masana'anta, da sauran ayyuka a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya (LEO).

Tuni akwai kamfanoni da yawa da ke aiki kan haɓaka tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu. Misali daya shine Blue Origin, mai kera sararin samaniya mai zaman kansa da kamfanin sabis na jiragen sama wanda Shugaban Amazon Jeff Bezos ya kafa. Blue Origin ya sanar da shirin samar da tashar sararin samaniyar kasuwanci mai suna "Orbital Reef," wanda za a kera shi don daukar nauyin ayyuka da dama da suka hada da masana'antu, bincike, da yawon bude ido. Kamfanin yana da burin ganin tashar sararin samaniya ta fara aiki a tsakiyar 2020s kuma tuni ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da abokan ciniki da yawa, ciki har da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa (NASA), don amfani da wurin don bincike da sauran ayyuka.

Wani kamfani da ke haɓaka tashar sararin samaniya mai zaman kansa shine Voyager Space da kamfaninsa na Nanoracks, waɗanda ke haɗin gwiwa tare da katafaren sararin samaniya Lockheed Martin don ƙirƙirar tashar sararin samaniyar kasuwanci mai suna "Starlab." Za a kera tashar sararin samaniyar don daukar nauyin kaya iri-iri, da suka hada da gwaje-gwajen bincike, hanyoyin kere-kere, da ayyukan tura tauraron dan adam. Kamfanin yana shirin kaddamar da tashar sararin samaniya nan da shekarar 2027. A watan Satumbar 2022, Voyager ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna (MoUs) tare da hukumomin sararin samaniya da dama daga Latin Amurka, kamar Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Colombia, Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta El Salvador, da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Mexico.

Tasiri mai rudani

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓaka tashoshi masu zaman kansu shine ƙarfin tattalin arziki da suke bayarwa. An dade ana ganin sararin samaniya a matsayin daula mai dimbin albarkatun da ba a iya amfani da su ba, kuma tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu na iya samar da hanyar shiga da kuma amfani da wadannan albarkatu don samun riba ta kasuwanci. Misali, kamfanoni na iya amfani da tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu don bincike kayan aiki da fasaha don gina tauraron dan adam, wuraren zama, ko wasu ababen more rayuwa na tushen sararin samaniya. Bugu da ƙari, tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu na iya ba da dandamali don ayyukan masana'antu waɗanda ke amfana daga keɓaɓɓen yanayin da aka samu a sararin samaniya, kamar nauyin nauyi da ƙarancin sarari.

Baya ga fa'idar tattalin arziƙin tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu, suna kuma da yuwuwar samun gagarumin sakamako na siyasa. Yayin da kasashe da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke bunkasa karfinsu a sararin samaniya, gasar samun albarkatun sararin samaniya da kula da ababen more rayuwa na sararin samaniya na iya karuwa. Wannan al'amari zai iya haifar da tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin kasashe da kungiyoyi daban-daban yayin da suke kokarin kare muradunsu da kuma daukar da'awarsu a kan iyakar sararin samaniya da ke saurin fadadawa.

Bugu da ƙari, wasu kamfanoni, kamar SpaceX, suna da niyyar ƙirƙirar abubuwan more rayuwa don yuwuwar ƙaura zuwa sararin samaniya, musamman zuwa wata da Mars. 

Tasirin tashoshin sararin samaniya masu zaman kansu

Faɗin abubuwan tashoshi masu zaman kansu na iya haɗawa da: 

• Gwamnatoci suna sabuntawa da ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi don kula da kasuwancin sararin samaniya da faɗaɗawa.
• Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaban tattalin arziki suna tsere don kafa ko haɓaka hukumomin sararin samaniya daban-daban don yin da'awar ayyukan sararin samaniya da dama. Wannan yanayin zai iya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka tashin hankali na geopolitical.
• Ƙarin farawar da suka ƙware kan ababen more rayuwa a sararin samaniya, sufuri, yawon buɗe ido, da kuma nazarin bayanai. Waɗannan ci gaban na iya tallafawa ƙirar kasuwancin Space-as-a-Service mai tasowa.
• Saurin haɓaka yawon shakatawa na sararin samaniya, gami da otal-otal, gidajen abinci, wuraren shakatawa, da yawon shakatawa. Koyaya, wannan ƙwarewar (da farko) za ta kasance ga masu arziƙi ne kawai.
• Haɓaka ayyukan bincike akan tashoshin sararin samaniya don haɓaka fasahohin zamani na gaba da duniyar duniyar duniyar Mars, gami da aikin gona da sarrafa makamashi.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Wadanne irin bincike ne zai iya haifarwa daga samun ƙarin tashoshi masu zaman kansu?
• Ta yaya kamfanonin sararin samaniya za su tabbatar da cewa ayyukansu sun isa ga kowa, ba ga masu hannu da shuni ba?