Phages: ʻO ke pani no nā lāʻau antibiotic?

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• Ka inoa o ka mea kākau

  Quantumrun Foresight
• E 6, 2022

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO Phages, nā maʻi ʻino i hana ʻia e koho a pepehi i nā maʻi bacteria, hāʻawi i kahi koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i nā lāʻau antibiotic, i emi iho ka maikaʻi ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka hopena o ka pale ʻana i ka bacteria. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā phages ma mua o nā maʻi kanaka i nā holoholona a me ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke hoʻonui i nā hua hua, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea hana kaua bacteria hou no nā mahiʻai. ʻO nā hopena lōʻihi o nā phages e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai honua a me ka ulu ʻana i nā sub-industries mālama olakino, a me nā pilikia e like me nā hopena kaiaola, nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa etika, a me ka pilikia o nā maʻi antibiotic hou.

Phages context

Ua hāʻawi nā antibiotics i nā kānaka i kahi pale koʻikoʻi e kūʻē i nā ʻano maʻi ākea i ka makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kā lākou hoʻohana nui ʻana ua alakaʻi i kekahi mau bacteria e lilo i mea kūʻē i ka hapa nui, a i kekahi mau hihia, nā lāʻau antibiotic āpau i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hōʻike ʻo phages i kahi koho hoʻohiki e pale aku ai i kahi pilikia e hiki mai ana i piha i nā maʻi kūʻokoʻa antibiotic. 

Ma waena o 2000 a me 2015, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e 26.2 pakeneka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka World Health Organization classification database. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau bacteria i manaʻo ʻia e kūkulu i ke kū'ē i nā lāʻau antimicrobial. Ua lilo kēia hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona holoholona i mea maʻalahi i nā maʻi bacteria a kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "superbugs." 

Hāʻawi ʻo Phages i kahi hopena hoʻohiki i kēia ʻano ulu no ka mea ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana ma mua o nā lāʻau antibiotic; ʻO ka maʻalahi, ʻo nā phages nā maʻi i hana ʻia e koho koho a pepehi i nā ʻano bacteria. Huli ʻo Phages a hoʻokomo iā lākou iho i loko o nā cell bacteria i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hana hou a pau ka maʻi bacteria, a laila hoʻopuehu. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki i hōʻike ʻia e nā phages e mālama i ka maʻi bacteria i alakaʻi iā Texas A&M University e wehe i ka Center for Phage Technology ma 2010. 

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

Manaʻo ʻo PGH a me nā mea hoʻomaka ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā phages ma mua o nā maʻi kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻoihana holoholona a me nā meaʻai. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau phage a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻae ʻana o ka Federal Drug Administration i ka US e mālama i ke kumukūʻai e like me nā antibiotics a hiki i ka poʻe mahiʻai ke komo i nā mea kaua kaua bacteria hou. Eia nō naʻe, pono e mālama ʻia nā phages ma 4 ° C, kahi mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka logistic i kā lākou hoʻohana ākea. 

Me nā phages e hoʻonui pono iā lākou iho i nā maʻi e pono ai e luku i ka bacteria i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hopohopo hou ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka pōʻino o ka maʻi bacterial i kā lākou holoholona. Pēlā nō, hiki i nā phages ke kōkua i nā meaʻai meaʻai e pale aku i nā maʻi maʻi bacteria, ma laila e kōkua ai i ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻonui i kā lākou hua a me ka loaʻa kālā i ka wā e hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea kanu, a ma hope e ʻae i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻonui i kā lākou mau palena hana. 

Ma ka hopena o 2020s, e ʻike kēia mau pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka phage i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano pāʻoihana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻāina e hoʻopuka ana i nā mea mahiʻai nui. ʻO ka pono o ka mālama ʻana i nā phages i nā mahana kūpono e alakaʻi ai i nā ʻano hou o nā ʻāpana pahu hau e hoʻomohala ʻia e kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phage i loko o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a mālama ola. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻike paha nā 2030s i nā ʻepekema e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana ʻaʻole pono i ka refrigeration, e like me ka spray-drying, hiki ke ʻae i nā phages e mālama ʻia i ka lumi lumi no nā manawa lōʻihi. 

Nā hopena o nā phages

Hiki i nā hopena ākea o nā phages ke komo:

• Loaʻa nā koena meaʻai ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāina e loaʻa ana i ka hemahema o ka meaʻai, e alakaʻi ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka honua holoʻokoʻa a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka pōloli ma nā wahi ʻilihune.
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ke ola a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mālama ola no nā maʻi kanaka a me nā holoholona e loaʻa ana i nā maʻi kūʻokoʻa antibiotic i hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa ma mua, e hopena i ka heluna kanaka olakino a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama ola hoʻomau.
• ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o kahi ʻoihana mālama olakino i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka noiʻi phage, hana, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i nā manawa hana hou a hāʻawi i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka ʻoihana biotechnology.
• Ke kākoʻo haʻahaʻa nei i nā helu ulu o ka heluna kanaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e like me nā phages hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka make ʻana o nā keiki, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻano demographic ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me nā pono hoʻokele waiwai mai ka ulu ʻana o ka limahana.
• ʻO ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana i nā phages i ka mahiʻai, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena kaiaola a me nā pilikia i ka mālama ʻana i ka biodiversity.
• ʻO nā hopohopo kūpono a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā phages i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mahiʻai, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻāina hoʻoponopono paʻakikī e hiki ke keʻakeʻa i ka holomua ma kekahi mau wahi.
• ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā monopolies a i ʻole oligopolies i loko o ka ʻoihana phage, e alakaʻi ana i ke komo like ʻole i kēia mau kumuwaiwai koʻikoʻi a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
• ʻO ka pilikia o nā maʻi hou o nā maʻi kūʻokoʻa antibiotic e puka mai ana ma muli o ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i nā phages, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia hou i ka mālama olakino a me nā pilikia olakino olakino.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• He aha ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā phages i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai a me ke olakino? 
• Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻoe hiki i nā superbugs a me nā maʻi ke kū i nā phages?