Pehea e hoʻololi ai nā kamepiula Quantum i ka honua: Future of Computers P7

Nui ka hype e lana ana a puni ka ʻoihana lolouila maʻamau, e kau ana ka hype ma kahi o hoʻokahi ʻenehana kikoʻī i hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea āpau: nā kamepiula quantum. Ma ke ʻano he inoa o kā mākou hui, e ʻae mākou i ka manaʻo o kā mākou bullishness a puni kēia ʻenehana, a ma ke ʻano o kēia mokuna hope o kā mākou Future of Computers series, manaʻolana mākou e kaʻana like me ʻoe i ke kumu o ia.

Ma kahi pae kumu, hāʻawi ka computer quantum i ka manawa e hoʻoponopono ai i ka ʻike ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wā e oʻo ai kēia ʻenehana, ʻaʻole e hoʻoponopono kēia mau kamepiula i nā pilikia makemakika ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā kamepiula e noho nei i kēia manawa, akā kekahi kamepiula i wānana ʻia e ola ana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana (me ka manaʻo e paʻa ke kānāwai o Moore). I ka hopena, e like me kā mākou kūkākūkā a puni nā supercomputers i kā mākou mokuna hope, nā lolouila quantum e hiki mai ana e hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻoponopono i nā nīnau nui aʻe e hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e loaʻa ka ʻike hohonu loa o ka honua a puni mākou.

He aha nā kamepiula quantum?

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, pehea ka ʻokoʻa o nā kamepiula quantum ma mua o nā kamepiula maʻamau? A pehea lākou e hana ai?

No nā haumāna ʻike maka, paipai mākou e nānā i kēia wikiō leʻaleʻa pōkole mai ka hui Kurzgesagt YouTube e pili ana i kēia kumuhana:

I kēia manawa, no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu, e hana mākou i ka mea maikaʻi loa e wehewehe i nā kamepiula quantum me ka ʻole o ke kēkelē physics.

No ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo he liʻiliʻi ka ʻāpana kumu o ka hana kamepiula ʻike. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mau bits kekahi o nā waiwai ʻelua: 1 a i ʻole 0, ma a i ʻole, ʻae a i ʻole. Inā hoʻohui ʻoe i kēia mau ʻāpana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻike i nā helu o kēlā me kēia nui a hana i nā ʻano helu āpau ma luna o lākou, ma hope o kekahi. ʻO ka nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka puʻupuʻu kamepiula, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu hiki iā ʻoe ke hana a hoʻopili i nā helu ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kou neʻe ʻana mai kahi helu ʻana i kekahi.

ʻOkoʻa nā kamepiula quantum ma nā ʻano koʻikoʻi ʻelua.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka "superposition." ʻOiai ke hoʻohana nei nā kamepiula kahiko me nā bits, hana nā computer quantum me nā qubits. Hiki i ka superposition effect qubits ma kahi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana i kekahi o ʻelua mau waiwai kūpono (1 a i ʻole 0), hiki i kahi qubit ke noho ma ke ʻano he hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻona i nā kamepiula quantum e hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki) ma mua o nā kamepiula kahiko.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka "entanglement." He ʻano hana physics kuantum kū hoʻokahi kēia mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka hopena o ka nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, no laila e pili ana ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi. Ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kamepiula quantum, ʻo ia ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i kā lākou qubits a pau i ka manawa like-ma kahi ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o ka hana ʻana i nā helu helu ma hope o kekahi, hiki i kahi kamepiula quantum ke hana iā lākou āpau i ka manawa like.

ʻO ka heihei e kūkulu i ka computer quantum mua

He ʻano kuhi kēia poʻomanaʻo. ʻO nā hui alakaʻi e like me Microsoft, IBM a me Google ua hana mua i nā kamepiula quantum hoʻokolohua mua, akā ʻo kēia mau prototypes mua i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o ʻelua mau kukini qubits i kēlā me kēia chip. A ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau hana mua he hana mua nui, pono nā hui ʻenehana a me nā keʻena noiʻi aupuni e kūkulu i kahi kamepiula quantum e hōʻike ana ma ka liʻiliʻi o 49 a 50 qubits no ka hype e hoʻokō i kāna mau manaʻo maoli.

I kēia hopena, aia kekahi mau ala e hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i kēia milestone 50 qubit, akā kū ʻelua ma luna o nā mea hele mai.

Ma hoʻokahi kahua hoʻomoana, manaʻo ʻo Google a me IBM e hoʻomohala i kahi kamepiula quantum ma o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā qubits e like me nā au e kahe ana ma o nā uea superconducting i hoʻomaha ʻia a hiki i -273.15 degere Celsius, a i ʻole ʻole ʻole. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka haʻalele ʻana o kēia manawa he 1 a i ʻole 0. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia ala ʻo ia ka hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kēia mau uea superconducting a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaapuni mai loko mai o ke silika, kahi ʻoihana semiconductor waiwai he mau makahiki o ka ʻike e hana pū me.

ʻO ke ala ʻelua, alakaʻi ʻia e Microsoft, e pili ana i nā ion trapped i paʻa i loko o kahi keʻena māmā a hoʻohana ʻia e nā lasers. Hoʻohana ʻia nā uku oscillating e like me nā qubits, a laila hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i nā hana o ka kamepiula quantum.

Pehea mākou e hoʻohana ai i nā kamepiula quantum

ʻAe, e waiho ana i ka manaʻo i ka ʻaoʻao, e kālele kākou i nā noi honua maoli e loaʻa i kēia mau kamepiula quantum ma ka honua a me ke ʻano o nā hui a me nā poʻe e hana pū me ia.

ʻO nā pilikia logistic a me ka optimization. Ma waena o nā hoʻohana koke a me ka loaʻa kālā no nā kamepiula quantum ʻo ia ka optimization. No nā polokalamu kaʻana like, e like me Uber, he aha ke ala wikiwiki loa e kiʻi a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea kūʻai aku he nui? No nā pilikua e-commerce, e like me Amazon, he aha ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa e hoʻopuka ai i nā piliona o nā pūʻolo i ka wā o ka wikiwiki kūʻai makana?

ʻO kēia mau nīnau maʻalahi e pili ana i ka helu ʻana i nā haneli a hiki i nā tausani o nā mea hoʻololi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, kahi hana i hiki ʻole i nā supercomputers hou ke lawelawe; no laila, helu lākou i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o kēlā mau ʻano e kōkua i kēia mau ʻoihana e hoʻokele i kā lākou logistical pono ma kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Akā me kahi kamepiula quantum, e ʻoki ʻo ia i kahi mauna o nā ʻano like ʻole me ka haki ʻole o ka hou.

Lewa a me ke ea hoʻohālike. E like me ka helu ma luna, ke kumu o ka hewa ʻana o ke kahawai i kekahi manawa no ka nui o nā ʻano hoʻololi kaiapuni no kā lākou supercomputers e hoʻoponopono ai (ʻo ia a i kekahi manawa ʻino ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻikepili. Akā me ka lolouila quantum, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ke wānana pololei i nā ʻano o ka wā kokoke, akā hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hana i nā loiloi elima lōʻihi e wānana i nā hopena o ka loli.

Ke lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāu DNA a me kāu microbiome kūʻokoʻa no nā kauka e hiki mai ana e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kūpono i kou kino. ʻOiai ua holomua nā supercomputer kuʻuna i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka DNA me ke kumu kūʻai, ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka microbiome ma mua o ko lākou hiki - akā ʻaʻole pēlā no nā kamepiula quantum e hiki mai ana.

Hiki i nā kamepiula Quantum ke ʻae iā Big Pharma e wānana maikaʻi i ka hopena o nā molekala like ʻole me kā lākou mau lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila e wikiwiki wikiwiki ana i ka hoʻomohala lāʻau a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.

Keʻimi i nā hiʻona. E hōʻiliʻili nā telescopes lewa o kēia lā (a me ka lā ʻapōpō) i ka nui o nā ʻikepili kiʻi hōkū i kēlā me kēia lā e hahai ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā trillions o nā galaxies, nā hōkū, nā hōkū, a me nā asteroids. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ʻikepili no nā supercomputers o kēia lā e kānana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻike kūpono i kēlā me kēia manawa. Akā me ka lolouila quantum makua i hui pū ʻia me ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini, hiki i kēia mau ʻikepili a pau ke hana maikaʻi ʻia, e wehe ana i ka puka i ka ʻike ʻana o nā haneli a hiki i nā kaukani o nā hīnaʻi hou i kēlā me kēia lā ma nā makahiki 2030.

ʻepekema kumu. E like me nā helu ma luna, ʻo ka mana computing maka e hiki ai i kēia mau kamepiula quantum ke hiki i nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻenekinia e hoʻolālā i nā kemika a me nā mea hou, a me nā ʻenekini hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mea pāʻani Kalikimaka maʻalili.

Machine palapala he. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lolouila maʻamau, pono nā algorithm aʻo mīkini i ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona curated a hōʻailona ʻia (ʻikepili nui) e aʻo ai i nā mākau hou. Me ka computing quantum, hiki ke hoʻomaka ka polokalamu aʻo mīkini e aʻo hou e like me ke kanaka, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā mākau hou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi, ka ʻikepili messier, pinepine me nā kuhikuhi liʻiliʻi.

ʻO kēia noi ke kumuhana o ka hauʻoli ma waena o nā mea noiʻi ma ke kahua ʻike artificial (AI), no ka mea, hiki i kēia hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke aʻo kūlohelohe hiki ke hoʻonui i ka holomua ma ka noiʻi AI i nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia i kā mākou Future of Artificial Intelligence series.

AES. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ʻo ia ka noi i hopohopo ka hapa nui o nā mea noiʻi a me nā ʻoihana naʻauao. ʻO nā lawelawe hoʻopunipuni āpau i kēia manawa e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo e lawe i kahi supercomputer hou i nā kaukani makahiki e haki; Hiki i nā lolouila quantum ke uhae i kēia mau kī hoʻopunipuni ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola.

ʻO ka waihona kālā, kamaʻilio, nā lawelawe palekana aupuni, ʻo ka pūnaewele ponoʻī e hilinaʻi i ka hoʻopiʻi hilinaʻi e hana. (ʻAe, a poina e pili ana i ka bitcoin pū kekahi, hāʻawi ʻia i kona hilinaʻi nui i ka hoʻopili ʻana.) Inā hana kēia mau kamepiula quantum e like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, e pilikia ana kēia mau ʻoihana āpau, i ka pōʻino loa i ka hoʻokele waiwai honua holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka quantum encryption e mālama ai. ka wikiwiki.

Unuhi ʻōlelo manawa maoli. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia mokuna a me kēia pūʻulu ma kahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā kamepiula quantum ke hoʻohana i ka unuhi ʻōlelo kokoke loa i ka manawa maoli ma waena o nā ʻōlelo ʻelua, ma o ke kamaʻilio Skype a i ʻole ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi leo hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia paha i kou pepeiao. .

I loko o 20 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole e lilo ka ʻōlelo i mea pale i ka ʻoihana a me ka launa pū ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i ka mea ʻōlelo Pelekania wale nō ke komo i loko o nā pilina ʻoihana me nā hoa ma nā ʻāina ʻē kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōlelo Pelekane, a i ka wā e kipa aku ai i nā ʻāina ʻē, hiki i kēia kanaka ke aloha i kekahi kanaka. ʻōlelo Cantonese wale nō.

ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kamepiula

Nā mea hoʻohana e puka mai ana e wehewehe hou i ke kanaka: Ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kamepiula P1

ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻomohala polokalamu: Ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kamepiula P2

ʻO ka huli ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i nā kamepiula: Future of Computers P3

ʻO ke kānāwai o Moore e hoʻomaka ana i ka noʻonoʻo hou ʻana i nā microchips: Future of Computers P4

Lilo ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke ao i ka decentralized: Future of Computers P5

No ke aha e hoʻokūkū nei nā ʻāina e kūkulu i nā supercomputers nui loa? ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kamepiula P6