Nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial: Hiki i nā robots ke manaʻo hope?

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Nowemapa 24, 2023

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial, e kiʻi ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana mai ka biology kanaka, ke hoʻololi nei i ka pilina ma waena o nā robots a me ka honua sensory. E hoʻomaka ana me kahi noiʻi seminal 2018 kahi e hiki ai i kahi kaʻapuni nerve sensory ke ʻike iā Braille, i ka hana ʻana o ke Kulanui o Singapore i ka makahiki 2019 o kahi ʻili kūlohelohe i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pane tactile kanaka, ke holomua nei kēia mau ʻōnaehana. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana o South Korea ma 2021 i kahi ʻōnaehana pane māmā e hoʻomalu i ka neʻe robotic. Ke hoʻohiki nei kēia mau ʻenehana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā manaʻo prosthetic, nā robots e like me ke kanaka, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana no nā hemahema neurological, tactile robotic aʻo, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā reflexes kanaka, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kahua lapaʻau, pūʻali koa, a me ka ʻimi ākea.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopunipuni

ʻO kekahi o nā haʻawina mua loa i nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial i ka makahiki 2018, i ka wā i hiki ai i nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui ʻo Stanford a me Seoul National University ke hana i kahi ʻōnaehana nerve hiki ke ʻike i ka huaʻōlelo Braille. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana e kahi kaapuni nerve sensory hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi uhi e like me ka ʻili no nā mea prosthetic a me nā robotics palupalu. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana o kēia kaapuni, ʻo ka mua ka mea ʻike paʻi i hiki ke ʻike i nā wahi kaomi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua he neuron uila maʻalahi i loaʻa nā hōʻailona mai ka ʻike paʻi. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana mua a me ka lua i alakaʻi i ka hoʻāla ʻana o kahi transistor synaptic artificial i hoʻohālikelike i nā synapses kanaka (nā hōʻailona nerve ma waena o ʻelua neurons e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻike). Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i kā lākou kaapuni aʻalolo ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia i kahi wāwae cockroach a hoʻohana i nā pae kaomi like ʻole i ka sensor. Ua ʻāwili ka wāwae e like me ka nui o ke kaomi ʻana.

ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi nui o nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o ke kanaka i nā mea hoʻoulu o waho. He mea hiki ole i na lolouila kahiko ke hana keia mana. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kamepiula kuʻuna ke hana wikiwiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaiapuni - kahi mea pono no nā hana e like me ka prosthetic limb control a me nā robotics. Akā hiki i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopunipuni ke hana i kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo "spiking." ʻO Spiking kahi ala e hoʻouna ai i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā neurons maoli kekahi i kekahi ma ka lolo. Hāʻawi ia i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā hana kuʻuna e like me nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe. ʻO kēia pōmaikaʻi e kūpono i nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial no nā hana e koi ai i nā hopena wikiwiki, e like me ka manipulation robotic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana e pono ai ke aʻo ʻana, e like me ka ʻike maka a i ʻole ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā kaiapuni paʻakikī.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

I ka makahiki 2019, ua hiki i ke Kulanui o Singapore ke hoʻomohala i kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā robots i ka manaʻo o ka paʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻili kanaka. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Asynchronous Coded Electronic Skin (ACES), ua hoʻoponopono kēia hāmeʻa i nā pika sensor hoʻokahi e hoʻouna wikiwiki i ka "ʻikepili manaʻo." Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia mau pixels i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona ʻili artificial mua, i hana i kahi lag. Wahi a nā hoʻokolohua i alakaʻi ʻia e ka hui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ACES ma mua o ka ʻili o ke kanaka i ka wā e pili ana i nā manaʻo maʻalahi. Hiki i ka mea hana ke ʻike i ke kaomi ma mua o 1,000 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana nerve sensory kanaka.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi mai ʻekolu mau kula ʻo South Korea i kahi ʻōnaehana nerve artificial e hiki ke pane i ka mālamalama a hana i nā hana maʻamau. Aia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he photodiode e hoʻohuli i ka mālamalama i hōʻailona uila, he lima robotic, kahi neuron circuit, a me kahi transistor e hana ana ma ke ʻano he synapse. I kēlā me kēia manawa e ho'ā ai ke kukui, unuhi ka photodiode i nā hōʻailona, ​​e hele ana ma o ka transistor mechanical. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hōʻailona e ke kaʻapuni neuron, nāna e kauoha i ka lima robotic e hopu i ka pōleʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻule i ka wā e ʻā ai ke kukui. Ke manaʻolana nei nā mea noiʻi e hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana i hiki i ka lima robotic ke hopu i ka pōleʻa ke hāʻule koke. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui ma hope o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka poʻe me nā kūlana neurological e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka mana o ko lākou mau lālā i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hoʻokele e like me ka wā ma mua. 

Nā hopena o nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial

Hiki ke komo i nā hopena nui aʻe o nā ʻōnaehana nerve artificial: 

• ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā robots humanoid me ka ʻili e like me ke kanaka e hiki ke pane koke i nā mea hoʻoulu e like me ke kanaka.
• Hiki i nā poʻe maʻi stroke a me nā poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi lolo ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ko lākou manaʻo o ka paʻi ʻana ma o nā kaapuni sensory i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kā lākou pūnaeho.
• ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa robotic, me nā mea hana mamao e hiki ke ʻike i ka mea a nā robots e hoʻopā ai. Hiki ke maʻalahi kēia hiʻohiʻona no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa.
• ʻO nā holomua i ka ʻike pili kahi e hiki ai i nā mīkini ke ʻike i nā mea ma ka ʻike like ʻana a me ka hoʻopā ʻana iā lākou.
• ʻO nā kānaka i hoʻonui a hoʻonui paha i nā ʻōnaehana nerve me nā reflexes wikiwiki. Hiki i kēia hoʻomohala ke lilo i mea maikaʻi no nā mea haʻuki a me nā koa.

Nā nīnau e manaʻo ai

• Makemake ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana nerve hoʻonui?
• He aha nā pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe o nā robots hiki ke manaʻo?