ʻO ka ʻauhau anticorruption multinational: hopu i nā hewa kālā i ka wā e hiki mai ana

• Author:
• Ka inoa o ka mea kākau

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 24, 2023

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe lawehala kālā ma mua o ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā loio maikaʻi loa a me nā ʻoihana ʻauhau e hōʻoia i ke ʻano kūpono o kā lākou hui pūpū. No ka pale ʻana i kēia hoʻomohala ʻana, ke hoʻohālikelike nei nā aupuni i kā lākou mau kulekele anticorruption, me ka ʻauhau.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili ʻauhau anticorruption multinational

Ke ʻike hou nei nā aupuni i nā pilina ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma waena o nā ʻano hewa kālā like ʻole, me ka palaho. ʻO ka hopena, nui nā aupuni e hoʻohana nei i nā ala e hoʻopili ai i nā hui lehulehu e kūʻē i ka hoʻopiʻi kālā (ML) a me ka hakakā ʻana i ke kālā o ka hoʻoweliweli (CFT). Pono kēia mau hana i kahi pane i hui pū ʻia mai nā hui like ʻole, me nā luna anticorruption, nā mana anti-money laundering (AML), nā ʻāpana ʻike kālā, a me nā luna ʻauhau. ʻO ka mea nui, pili pili nā hewa ʻauhau a me ka palaho, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka poʻe lawehala i ka loaʻa kālā mai nā hana hewa a i ʻole ka hōʻike nui ʻana e uhi i ka laundering. Wahi a kahi noiʻi ʻo World Bank no 25,000 mau ʻoihana ma 57 mau ʻāina, ʻo nā ʻoihana e uku kīpē e pale aku i nā ʻauhau hou aʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā ala e hōʻoia ai i ka ʻauhau kūpono ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kānāwai anticorruption.

ʻO kahi laʻana o ka mea hoʻoponopono AML honua ʻo ka Financial Action Task Force (FATF), he hui honua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hakakā ʻana i ka ML/CFT. Me 36 mau lālā lālā, hoʻonui ʻia ka mana o ka FATF ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kikowaena kālā nui. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka hui ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kūlana honua no ka hoʻokō AML a loiloi i kā lākou hoʻokō. ʻO kekahi kulekele nui ʻo ka European Union (EU)'s Anti-Money Laundering Directives. Hoʻopuka ka Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (5AMLD) i kahi wehewehe kānāwai o ka cryptocurrency, nā kuleana hōʻike, a me nā lula no nā wallets crypto e hoʻoponopono i ke kālā. Aia ka ʻAono Anti-Money Laundering Directive (6AMLD) i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hewa ML, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kuleana kalaima, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi no ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻi ʻia no nā hewa.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke Kānāwai Anti-Money Laundering (AML) o 2020, i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi i ka National Defence Authorization Act no 2021. Ua ʻōlelo ka Pelekikena ʻAmelika ʻo Joe Biden he hana koʻikoʻi ka AML Act i ka hakakā ʻana i ka palaho. ma ke aupuni a me na hui. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ke kānāwai AML ke hoʻokumu nei i kahi papa inoa nona ka pono, kahi e hoʻopau ai i nā hui shell inoa ʻole. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili pinepine ʻia ʻo US me nā ʻauhau ʻauhau, ua puka mai nei ʻo ia ka poʻokela o ka honua o nā hui pūpū inoa ʻole e hiki ai i ka hoʻopiʻi kālā e pili ana i ka kleptocracy, ka hewa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, a me ka hoʻoweliweli. E kōkua ka papa inoa i ka palekana aupuni, ka naʻauao, ka hoʻokō kānāwai, a me nā hui hoʻoponopono i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hewa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me ke kālā hoʻoweliweli e ka pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā hui shell e hūnā i nā kumu a me nā mea pōmaikaʻi o nā waiwai like ʻole.

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻonui nei nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kā lākou hui pū ʻana me nā luna ʻauhau e aʻo i kā lākou poʻe limahana e pili ana i ka hewa ʻauhau a me ka palaho. ʻO ka Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Handbook on Money Laundering Awareness and Bribery and Corruption Awareness alakaʻi i nā luna ʻauhau ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka hana hewa i ka wā e nānā ana i nā ʻōlelo kālā. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka OECD International Academy for Tax Crime Investigation i ka makahiki 2013 ma ke ʻano he hana hui pū me Guardia di Finanza o Italia. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiki o nā ʻāina kūkulu e hōʻemi i ke kahe kālā ʻole. Ua hoʻokele ʻia kahi kula like ʻole ma Kenya ma 2017 a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma Nairobi i 2018. I kēia manawa, i Iulai 2018, ua kau inoa ka OECD i kahi Memorandum of Understanding me Argentina's Federal Administration of Public Revenue (AFIP) e hoʻokumu i kahi kikowaena Latin American o ka OECD Ke Kulanui ma Buenos Aires.

Nā hopena o ka ʻauhau anticorruption multinational

ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o ka ʻauhau anticorruption multinational hiki ke komo: 

• ʻOi aku ka launa pū ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā kino hoʻoponopono e nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kālā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ʻike i nā hewa ʻauhau ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
• Ke hoʻonui nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻike loea a me nā ʻenehana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke ao e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻōnaehana a me nā kaʻina hana.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻoihana ʻauhau ma nā ʻano hoʻoponopono AML/CFT ʻoiai lākou e hoʻomau a hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO kēia ʻike e lilo ai kēia poʻe limahana i mea e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka wā e koi nui ʻia ai ko lākou mākaukau.
• Nui aʻe nā aupuni a me nā hui kūloko e hoʻokō ana i nā kulekele kūlike e kūʻē i nā hewa kālā.
• Hoʻonui ʻia nā hoʻopukapuka kālā i nā ʻenehana ʻauhau manawa maoli e hōʻoia i ka hōʻike pololei ʻana o nā ʻauhau i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kālā a me nā waiwai ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. 

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• Inā ʻoe e hana no kahi mana ʻauhau, pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i nā kānāwai anticorruption like ʻole?
• He aha nā ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i nā luna ʻauhau ke pale aku iā lākou iho i nā hewa kālā?