Synthetic media and the law: Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov ntsiab lus tsis tseeb

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Lub ob hlis ntuj 17, 2023

Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv tau los yog cov thev naus laus zis sib sib zog nqus tau ua rau cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm - thiab tsis muaj peev txheej tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus, cov koom haum tseem ceeb xws li tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, cov chaw tshaj tawm xov xwm, thiab cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis tau ua haujlwm ua ke los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau pob tshab.

Synthetic media thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj cai

Ib cag los ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb, cov ntsiab lus hluavtaws lossis digitally hloov pauv tau ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawm lub cev dysmorphia thiab kev hwm tus kheej ntawm cov hluas. Lub cev dysmorphia yog ib qho kev mob hlwb uas ua rau tib neeg obsess tshaj lawv qhov pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsos. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau cov xwm txheej no vim lawv tau ua tsis tu ncua los ntawm zej zog-dictated cov qauv ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev lees paub.

Qee lub tseem fwv tau koom tes nrog cov koom haum los tsim cov koom haum uas siv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov duab digitally ua rau tib neeg tsis lees paub. Piv txwv li, US Congress tau dhau txoj cai Deepfake Task Force Act hauv 2021. Daim nqi no tau tsim muaj National Deepfake thiab Digital Provenance ua haujlwm nrog rau cov haujlwm ntiag tug, tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, thiab kev kawm. Txoj Cai tseem tab tom tsim cov qauv pov thawj digital uas yuav txheeb xyuas qhov twg ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv online tuaj ntawm thiab cov kev hloov pauv uas tau ua rau nws.

Daim nqi no ntxiv cov ntsiab lus Authenticity Initiative (CAI) coj los ntawm tuam txhab thev naus laus zis Adobe. CAI raws tu qauv tso cai rau cov kws tshaj lij muaj tswv yim kom tau txais credit rau lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev txuas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom tseeb, xws li lub npe, qhov chaw, thiab kho keeb kwm rau ib daim ntawv xov xwm. Cov qauv no tseem muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog rau theem tshiab ntawm kev pom tseeb txog qhov lawv pom hauv online.

Raws li Adobe, cov thev naus laus zis pov thawj txhawb cov neeg siv khoom kom ua raws li kev mob siab rau yam tsis tau tos rau cov ntawv sau nruab nrab. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov xov xwm cuav thiab kev tshaj tawm tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv online kom paub tseeb-xyuas lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb.

Kev cuam tshuam

Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm yog ib thaj chaw uas cov kev cai xov xwm hluavtaws tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog dua li qhov qub. Xyoo 2021, Norway tau dhau txoj cai txwv tsis pub cov tshaj tawm thiab cov neeg tshaj xov xwm cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib koom cov duab retouched yam tsis tau tshaj tawm tias daim duab raug kho. Txoj cai tshiab cuam tshuam rau cov tuam txhab lag luam, cov tuam txhab, thiab cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam uas tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw tshaj tawm. Cov ntawv txhawb nqa xa mus rau cov ntsiab lus them los ntawm tus tshaj tawm, suav nrog muab cov khoom muag. 

Kev hloov kho yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau txhua qhov kev hloov kho rau daim duab, txawm tias nws tau ua ua ntej daim duab raug coj los. Piv txwv li, Snapchat thiab Instagram cov ntxaij lim dej uas hloov kho ib tus zoo li yuav tsum tau sau npe. Raws li kev tshaj tawm xov xwm Vice, qee qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau sau npe suav nrog "qhov loj ntawm daim di ncauj, lub duav nqaim, thiab cov leeg loj." Los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm thiab cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov duab kws kho mob yam tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb, tsoomfwv cia siab tias yuav txo qis cov tub ntxhais hluas ua rau lub cev tsis zoo.

Lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe tau tshaj tawm lossis dhau txoj cai zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, UK tau qhia txog Digitally Altered Body Images Bill hauv 2021, uas yuav xav tau kev tshaj tawm hauv social media uas qhia txog cov lim lossis hloov pauv kom nthuav tawm. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Tshaj Tawm hauv UK tseem txwv tsis pub cov neeg siv xov xwm social media los ntawm kev siv cov lim dej tsis zoo hauv kev tshaj tawm. Xyoo 2017, Fabkis tau dhau txoj cai lij choj uas yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov duab ua lag luam uas tau hloov pauv digitally los ua tus qauv zoo li thinner kom suav nrog cov ntawv ceeb toom zoo ib yam li cov uas pom hauv pob luam yeeb. 

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev cai lij choj

Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai yuav suav nrog: 

• Ntau lub koom haum thiab tsoomfwv ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim cov qauv pov thawj los pab cov neeg siv khoom taug qab kev tsim thiab nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv online.
• Cov koom haum tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseeb tsim cov kev pabcuam dav dav los qhia rau pej xeem txog kev siv cov thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv qhov tob tob thiab tshawb pom lawv siv.
• Cov kev cai nruj dua uas xav kom cov tshaj tawm thiab cov tuam txhab kom tsis txhob siv (lossis tsawg kawg nthuav tawm lawv cov kev siv) exaggerated thiab manipulated duab rau kev lag luam.
• Social media platforms raug yuam kom tswj hwm cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam li cas siv lawv cov ntxaij lim dej. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov ntxaij lim dej app yuav raug yuam kom tau txais cov cim dej ntawm cov duab hloov kho ua ntej cov duab luam tawm hauv online.
• Ua kom nkag tau yooj yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis sib sib zog nqus, suav nrog ntau qhov kev txawj ntse txawj ntse uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau tib neeg thiab cov txheej txheem txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv.

Cov lus nug los tawm tswv yim

• Dab tsi yog qee yam ntawm koj lub tebchaws txoj cai ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yog tias muaj?
• Yuav ua li cas lwm tus koj xav tias deepfake cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau tswj?