Genetically engineered microbiome: Hloov cov kab mob rau kev noj qab haus huv

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Lub peb hlis ntuj 8, 2023

Lub microbiome muaj cov kab mob hauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb. Kev hloov kho cov kab mob microbiome tuaj yeem pab cuam tshuam lossis nthuav tawm qee yam zoo thiab xa cov kev kho mob, nrhiav kev siv ntau yam hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev noj qab haus huv.

Genetically engineered microbiome ntsiab lus

Lub plab microbiome, lub zej zog ntawm cov kab mob hauv tib neeg lub plab, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv. Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias lub plab microbiome tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob autoimmune, ntshav qab zib, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ntau yam sclerosis, thiab txawm tias kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ecosystem zoo nkauj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam xws li kev noj haus thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, ua rau nws nyuaj rau rov qab los. 

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tab tom nrhiav rau hauv kev hloov kho cov kab mob microbiomes kom lawv txoj hauv kev muaj sia nyob thiab yoog raws. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Texas A&M University tau siv qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob, E. coli, thiab cov kab mob roundworm los tsim cov kab mob microbiome hauv xyoo 2021. Lawv pom tias thaum fluorescence-suppressing noob tau muab tso rau hauv plasmid ntawm E. coli, cov worms uas noj nws yuav tsum tsis muaj fluorescence. Tib lub xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv University of California San Francisco tau ua tiav cov kab mob tua kab mob nrog CRISPR gene editing system kom tshem tawm cov chromosomes hauv E. coli.

Rov qab rau xyoo 2018, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Harvard Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob tau ua haujlwm los ua cov kab mob sib txuas lus kom sib koom tes thiab tswj lawv hauv kev sib raug zoo. Lawv tau tshaj tawm cov cim qhia thiab cov neeg teb cov kab mob caj ces tso tawm thiab kuaj pom cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke hauv ob hom kab mob. Thaum cov nas tau noj cov kab mob no, lub plab ntawm tag nrho cov nas pom cov cim ntawm cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob, paub meej tias kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Lub hom phiaj tseem yog los tsim cov khoom siv microbiome nrog cov kab mob ua haujlwm hauv tib neeg lub plab uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm lawv tus kheej thaum ua lawv txoj haujlwm. 

Kev cuam tshuam 

Tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov noob hloov cov tswv yim los tswj cov plab hnyuv microbiome tuaj yeem daws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem tshawb pom xa cov kev kho mob los kho cov kab mob tsis sib xws hauv cov tib neeg lub plab. Los ntawm genetic engineering cov kab mob uas paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub plab noj qab haus huv, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsim kho tshiab rau ntau yam kab mob hauv plab, nrog rau cov kab mob plab hnyuv, khaus plob tsis so tswj, thiab txawm tias rog rog. Nws kuj tso cai rau cov kev kho mob tshiab rau ntshav qab zib vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm hormonal. 

Ib qho laj thawj vim li cas cov kab mob yooj yim dua los tswj cov caj ces yog vim lawv cov DNA muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov kab mob me me no muaj cov DNA hu ua plasmids ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm DNA hu ua chromosomes. Plasmids tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv luam ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab muaj cov noob tsawg dua li cov chromosomes, ua rau lawv yooj yim hloov nrog cov cuab yeej caj ces. Tshwj xeeb, daim DNA ntawm lwm yam kab mob tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov kab mob plasmids.

Thaum plasmids ua cov ntawv luam ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv kuj ua cov ntawv luam ntawm cov noob ntxiv, hu ua transgenes. Piv txwv li, yog tias tib neeg cov noob rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin ntxiv rau plasmid, raws li cov kab mob ua cov ntawv luam ntawm plasmid, nws kuj tsim ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Thaum siv cov noob no, nws tsim cov tshuaj insulin ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias qhov muaj peev xwm no tseem nyob deb deb vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm microbiomes. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tseem tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam kev siv tshuaj tua kab, txhim kho kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob veterinary. 

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kho caj ces microbiomes

Qhov kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm kev vam meej genetic engineering ntawm microbiome hauv ntau qhov chaw yuav suav nrog:

• Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv cov cuab yeej hloov kho noob, xws li CRISPR.
• Qhib cov peev txheej tshiab los tsim cov khoom siv biofuels, zaub mov, thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob tshiab kom zoo dua rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
• Txo siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsom cov kab mob indiscriminately. 
• Muaj kev txaus siab rau tus kheej cov tshuaj thiab kev kuaj mob, qhov kev kho mob raug kho raws li tus neeg lub plab microbiome.
• Muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lwm yam kab mob.

Cov lus nug los xav txog

• Muab qhov nyuaj ntawm tib neeg lub plab microbiome, koj puas xav tias nws ua tiav cov noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem sai sai?
• Koj twv yuav raug nqi npaum li cas rau kev siv dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no?