Prime editing: Hloov cov noob kho los ntawm tus neeg tua tsiaj rau tus kws phais

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Prime editing: Hloov cov noob kho los ntawm tus neeg tua tsiaj rau tus kws phais

Prime editing: Hloov cov noob kho los ntawm tus neeg tua tsiaj rau tus kws phais

Subheading ntawv nyeem
Prime kho tau cog lus tias yuav tig cov txheej txheem kho noob rau hauv nws qhov tseeb tshaj plaws version tsis tau.
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      Quantumrun Foresight
    • Tej zaum 10, 2023

    Thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv, kev hloov kho noob tau ua ib qho chaw tsis paub tseeb vim nws qhov kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev txiav tawm ob qho tib si DNA strands. Prime editing yog yuav hloov tag nrho cov ntawd. Txoj kev no siv cov enzyme tshiab hu ua prime editor, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho tshwj xeeb rau cov noob caj noob ces yam tsis tau txiav cov DNA, tso cai rau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv thiab tsawg dua.

    Prime editing ntsiab lus

    Kev kho cov noob caj noob ces tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los hloov cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Cov tshuab no tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog kev kho cov kab mob caj ces, tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, thiab txhim kho cov qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev tam sim no, xws li CRISPR-Cas9, vam khom rau kev txiav ob qho tib si DNA, uas tuaj yeem qhia qhov yuam kev thiab tsis xav hloov pauv. Prime kho yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab uas lub hom phiaj kov yeej cov kev txwv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua ntau yam kev hloov pauv, suav nrog kev ntxig lossis tshem tawm cov chunks loj ntawm DNA.

    Xyoo 2019, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Harvard University, coj los ntawm chemist thiab biologist Dr. David Liu, tau tsim kho thawj zaug, uas cog lus tias yuav yog tus kws phais neeg uas kho cov noob xav tau los ntawm kev txiav tsuas yog ib txoj hlua raws li qhov xav tau. Cov txheej txheem thaum ntxov ntawm cov txheej txheem no muaj kev txwv, xws li tuaj yeem hloov kho tsuas yog qee hom hlwb. Xyoo 2021, ib qho kev txhim kho, hu ua ntxaib prime kho, tau qhia ob lub pegRNAs (prime editing guide RNAs, uas yog lub cuab yeej txiav) uas tuaj yeem hloov kho ntau dua DNA kab ke (ntau dua 5,000 lub hauv paus khub, uas yog cov rungs ntawm DNA ntaiv. ).

    Lub caij no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Broad Institute pom txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas txwv nws cov txiaj ntsig. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem tshiab tuaj yeem kho cov kev hloov pauv uas ua rau Alzheimer's, kab mob plawv, mob hlwb, kab mob prion, thiab hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog tsawg dua qhov tsis xav tau.

    Kev cuam tshuam

    Prime kho tuaj yeem kho qhov kev hloov pauv ntau dua los ntawm kev muaj kev hloov pauv DNA txhim khu kev qha, ntxig, thiab tshem tawm cov txheej txheem. Kev siv thev naus laus zis muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm cov noob loj dua kuj yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb, raws li 14 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tau pom nyob rau hauv cov hom noob no. Dr. Liu thiab nws pab neeg lees paub tias lub tshuab tseem nyob rau theem pib, txawm tias tag nrho cov peev txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tab tom ua cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom muaj ib hnub siv thev naus laus zis rau kev kho mob. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, lawv cia siab tias lwm pab pawg tshawb fawb tseem yuav sim nrog cov thev naus laus zis thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev txhim kho thiab siv cov xwm txheej. 

    Kev tshawb fawb pab pawg kev sib koom tes yuav zoo li nce ntxiv vim muaj kev sim ntau dua hauv daim teb no. Piv txwv li, txoj kev tshawb fawb Cell qhia txog kev sib koom tes ntawm Harvard University, Princeton University, University of California San Francisco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thiab Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, los ntawm kev koom tes nrog ntau pab pawg, lawv muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho kom zoo thiab txhim kho qee yam ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib koom tes yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev nkag siab tob npaum li cas tuaj yeem coj txoj kev npaj rau kev sim.

    Daim ntawv thov rau prime editing

    Qee cov ntawv thov rau kev kho kom haum xeeb yuav suav nrog:

    • Cov kws tshawb fawb siv thev naus laus zis los loj hlob cov hlwb thiab cov kabmob rau kev hloov pauv ib sab ntawm kev hloov pauv ncaj qha.
    • Ib qho kev hloov ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev kho rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces xws li qhov siab, qhov muag xim, thiab hom lub cev.
    • Prime kho yog siv los txhim kho qoob loo yields thiab tiv thaiv kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov qoob loo tshiab uas zoo dua rau cov huab cua sib txawv lossis kev loj hlob.
    • Tsim cov kab mob tshiab thiab lwm yam kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, xws li tsim cov biofuels lossis ntxuav cov pa phem ib puag ncig.
    • Kev ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv rau cov chaw tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb caj ces, thiab cov kws tshaj lij biotechnology.

    Cov lus nug los xav txog

    • Yuav ua li cas tsoomfwv tswj hwm kev kho kom zoo?
    • Yuav ua li cas lwm tus koj xav tias prime editing yuav hloov li cas cov kab mob caj ces raug kho thiab kuaj tau?

    Insight references

    Cov nram qab no nrov thiab cov koom haum txuas tau raug xa mus rau qhov kev pom no: