Magalimoto amadzimadzi apansi pamadzi: Kuzama kobisika ndi kuthekera kwaukadaulo uwu

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 9, 2023

Magalimoto amadzimadzi amadzimadzi (AUVs) akhala akupanga kuyambira m'ma 1980, ndi ma prototypes oyambirira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zasayansi ndi ntchito zankhondo. Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luntha lochita kupanga (AI), ma AUV tsopano atha kukhala ndi luso losunthika, monga kudziyimira pawokha komanso kusinthika, kuwapanga kukhala zida zamtengo wapatali zowonera zam'madzi ndi zowunikira pansi pamadzi. Magalimoto apamwambawa amatha kuyenda movutikira m'malo am'madzi, ndikusonkhanitsa ndikutumiza deta ndi kulowererapo kochepa kwa anthu.

Magalimoto amadzimadzi apansi pamadzi

Ma AUV, omwe amadziwikanso kuti magalimoto apansi pamadzi opanda munthu (UUVs), akukhala zida zofunika kwambiri pamapulogalamu ambiri. Magalimotowa amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta komanso owopsa, monga pansi pamadzi akuya kapena pamalo owopsa. Ma AUV amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kuyankha mwachangu, monga kusaka ndi kupulumutsa kapena kuyang'anira chilengedwe.

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wa magalimotowa ndi kuthekera kwawo kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza deta munthawi yeniyeni, zomwe ndizofunikira pakufufuza kwasayansi ndi maulendo apanyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, ma AUV amatha kukhala ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, monga sonar, makamera, ndi zida zotengera madzi, zomwe zimatha kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso cha kutentha kwa madzi, mchere, mafunde, ndi zamoyo zam'madzi. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumvetsetsa bwino za chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndikupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino za kasungidwe ndi kasamalidwe.

Ma AUV amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amafuta ndi gasi powunika ndi kukonza mapaipi. Magalimoto awa amachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi pamene akuwongolera ntchito. Atha kutumizidwanso kukafunsira zankhondo, monga kulondera pansi pamadzi ndi njira zothana ndi migodi. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la China lakhala likukulitsa ntchito zake za AUV ndi UUV kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980 pofuna kufufuza ndi kuyang'anira nyanja.

Zosokoneza

Kukula kwa ma AUV kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kochokera kumakampani amafuta ndi gasi, komanso mabungwe aboma. Chotsatira chake, ambiri omwe ali nawo pamakampaniwo akupanga mwachangu zitsanzo zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito zovuta kwambiri komanso zolondola. Mu February 2021, Kongsberg Maritime yochokera ku Norway idatulutsa ma AUV am'badwo wotsatira, omwe amatha kuchita utumwi mpaka masiku 15. Magalimoto amenewa ali ndi luso lapamwamba la sensa kuti asonkhanitse deta ya mafunde a nyanja, kutentha, ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere.

Asilikali ndi gawo lina lofunikira lomwe likuyendetsa chitukuko chaukadaulo wa AUV. Mu february 2020, dipatimenti yachitetezo ku US idapereka mgwirizano wazaka ziwiri, $12.3 miliyoni USD kwa Lockheed Martin, kampani yotsogola yaukadaulo yankhondo, kuti apange galimoto yayikulu yopanda anthu pansi pamadzi (UUV). Mofananamo, dziko la China lakhala likufufuza zaukadaulo wa AUV pazolinga zankhondo, makamaka pozindikira kukhalapo kwa zombo zapamadzi zakunja ndi zinthu zina zam'madzi kudutsa dera la Indo-Pacific. Ma glider apansi pa nyanja omwe amatha kudumphira mozama ndikupita kutali akumangidwa kuti achite izi, ndipo mitundu ina imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyika migodi kuukira zombo za adani.

Ngakhale ukadaulo wa AUV uli ndi maubwino ambiri, kuyambitsidwa kwa AI kwadzetsa nkhawa za zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wotere pankhondo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimatchedwa "maroboti opha," kuvulaza anthu ndi zomangamanga kumatsutsidwa ndi mamembala ambiri a United Nations (UN). Komabe, mayiko ngati US ndi China akupitilizabe kuyika ndalama zambiri muukadaulo wa AUV kuti awonjezere luso lawo lankhondo. 

Kufunsira kwa magalimoto oyenda pansi pamadzi

Mapulogalamu ena a ma AUV angaphatikizepo:

• Ma AUV akuluakulu okhala ndi ntchito zamakompyuta komanso masensa apamwamba akupangidwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa sitima zapamadzi.
• Makampani opanga magetsi omwe amadalira ma AUV kuti apeze mafuta ndi gasi pansi pamadzi, komanso kufufuza ndikuwunika mphamvu zamafunde.
• Makampani opanga zomangamanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma AUV pokonza zofunikira zapansi pamadzi, monga mapaipi, zingwe, ndi ma turbine amphepo akunyanja. 
• Ma AUV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula pansi pamadzi, kulola ochita kafukufuku kufufuza ndi kulemba malo osungiramo zinthu zakale pansi pa madzi popanda kufunikira kwa osambira. 
• Ma AUV akutumizidwa ku kasamalidwe ka usodzi, chifukwa amatha kuthandizira kutsata kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndikuwunika ntchito za usodzi. 
• Zipangizozi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito powunika momwe kusintha kwanyengo kukuchitika panyanja yamchere, monga kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja. Ntchitoyi ingathandize kudziwa ndondomeko ya nyengo ndikuthandizira kulosera ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo.
• Ma AUV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba pansi pamadzi, chifukwa amatha kuyenda m'malo ovuta komanso kusonkhanitsa deta yosungiramo mchere. 

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma AUV adzagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji mtsogolo?
• Kodi ma AUV angakhudze bwanji maulendo apanyanja ndi kufufuza?