Kuwerengera kwa chibadwa: Kuwopsa kowerengeredwa kopeza matenda obadwa nawo

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 17, 2022

Anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa jini kapena jini yawo yambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi cholowa komanso chilengedwe. Ochita kafukufuku akuphunzira zosinthazi kuti amvetsetse mozama za gawo lomwe chibadwa chimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ena. 

Njira imodzi yoti anthu adziŵe za chiwopsezo chawo chotenga matenda ndi kudzera mu "polygenic risk score," yomwe imafufuza chiwerengero chonse cha kusintha kwa majini okhudzana ndi matendawa. 

Genetic scoring context

Ochita kafukufuku amagawaniza matenda obadwa nawo m’magulu aŵiri: (1) matenda a jini imodzi ndi (2) matenda ovuta kapena a polygenic. Matenda ambiri obadwa nawo amakhudza anthu masauzande ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kutsatiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jini imodzi, pomwe matenda a polygenic amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genomic, yophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga zakudya, kugona, komanso kupsinjika. 

Kuti awerengere kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha polygenic (PRS), ofufuza amazindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genomic yomwe imapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ovuta ndikuyerekeza ndi ma genome a anthu opanda matendawo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma genomic data chomwe chilipo chimalola ochita kafukufuku kuwerengera kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe imapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda. Detayo imayikidwa pakompyuta, ndiye njira zowerengera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza chiwopsezo cha munthu pa matenda enaake. 

Zosokoneza 

PRS ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera momwe majini amunthu amafananizira ndi omwe ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Komabe, sizimapereka maziko kapena nthawi yoyambira matenda; zimangowonetsa kugwirizana osati zoyambitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wambiri wa genomic mpaka pano adangoyesa anthu omwe ali ndi makolo aku Europe, kotero palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genomic kuchokera kwa anthu ena kuti awerengere bwino PRS yawo. 

Ofufuza apeza kuti si matenda onse, monga kunenepa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha majini. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito PRS m'magulu kungathandize kudziwa kuti munthu yemwe wapatsidwayo angatengeke ndi matenda, monga khansa ya m'mawere, kuti achitepo kanthu mwamsanga komanso kuti azitha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Kupezeka kwa PRS kumatha kusintha zidziwitso zachiwopsezo cha matenda, ndikusintha thanzi la anthu onse chifukwa zitha kulimbikitsa anthu kusintha moyo wawo kuti apewe kapena kuchedwetsa kuyambika kwa matenda. 

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma genetic scoring

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma genetic scoring kungaphatikizepo: 

• Kufananiza mankhwala m'mayesero azachipatala kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda omwe akuyesera kuwachiza.
• Kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za majini mu njira zowongolera miliri mwa kupeza chithunzi chabwino cha zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ena atengeke kwambiri ndi ma virus ena. 
• Kuyeza luso la khanda la khanda kuti adziwitse makolo za njira zomwe zingatheke pakukula kapena mwayi wopititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mwanayo.
• Kuyeza mapangidwe amtundu wa ziweto ndi ziweto kuti awone momwe angatengere matenda ena a nyama. 

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi majini amalemera kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe pankhani yopeza matenda? 
• Kodi ndizovomerezeka kuti makampani a inshuwaransi agwiritse ntchito PRS kuyesa ndalama zomwe anthu amalipira?