Microplastics: Pulasitiki yosatha

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 21, 2023

Ma Microplastic, omwe ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapulasitiki, tafalikira, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi momwe angakhudzire zachilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti microplastics ndi homogenized m'chilengedwe ndipo amanyamulidwa ndi mpweya ndi madzi. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti zamoyo ziyambe kukumana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Nkhani ya Microplastics

Matumba apulasitiki ndi mabotolo, zovala zopangira, matayala, ndi utoto, pakati pa ena, zimagawika kukhala ma microplastics, omwe amatha kukhala pamlengalenga kwa sabata limodzi. Panthawi imeneyi, mpweya ukhoza kuwatengera ku makontinenti ndi nyanja. Mafunde akamagunda m’mphepete mwa nyanja, madontho amadzi odzaza ndi tinthu tating’onoting’ono timene timatulutsa timaulukira m’mwamba, kumene amasanduka nthunzi n’kutulutsa timadontho timeneti. Mofananamo, kuyenda kwa matayala kumapangitsa kuti mapulasitiki okhala ndi pulasitiki aziyenda mumlengalenga. Pamene mvula ikugwa, mtambo wa tinthu ting’onoting’ono umagwera pansi. Pakadali pano, zosefera zomwe zimachotsa zinyalala zam'tawuni ndikuziwonjezera ku feteleza zili ndi ma microplastic omwe amatsekeredwa mumatope. Manyowawa amawasamutsira m’nthaka, kumene amakalowa m’nthambi ya chakudya.  

Mphamvu za mphepo ndi mafunde a m'nyanja zapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe tifika padziko lapansi ndi zamoyo za m'nyanja, ngakhale m'malo otetezeka komanso otetezedwa. Matani opitilira 1,000 amagwera m'malo 11 otetezedwa ku US pachaka, mwachitsanzo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timanyamulanso mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi makemikolo, ndipo kuwaika m'malo okhudzidwa ndi zachilengedwe kumatha kuwononga. 

Zotsatira za zinthu zoipitsa zimenezi zimaonekera pa tinyama ting’onoting’ono tomwe timadya tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikalowa m'maketani awo a chakudya, amalowetsa poizoni pamodzi ndi chakudya chawo. Ma Microplastics amatha kukhudza kagayidwe kawo ka m'mimba komanso kubereka, kuchokera ku nyongolotsi mpaka nkhanu mpaka mbewa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma microplastics amawonongeka kukhala mapulasitiki a nano, omwe zida zamakono sizingazindikire. 

Zosokoneza

Pamene nkhawa za kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi kupanga pulasitiki zikukulirakulira, kulira kwa anthu chifukwa cha kulephera kuletsa kupanga pulasitiki kungachuluke. Izi zipangitsa kuyang'ana kwatsopano pakusintha kupita kuzinthu zokhazikika, zobwezerezedwanso. Makampani opanga mapulasitiki omwe angathe kutayidwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi akuyembekezeka kukhala ovuta kwambiri chifukwa ogula akukana kwambiri zinthuzi pofuna kupeza njira zina zokomera chilengedwe. Kusintha kwa machitidwe a ogula uku kwayamba kale kukhudza msika, makampani ena akuluakulu akulengeza mapulani othetsa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.

Indasitale ina yomwe ingayambe kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi mafashoni achangu. Ogula akamazindikira momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira kupanga nsalu, atha kuyamba kuyang'ana zovala zopangidwa ndi mbewu ngati njira yokhazikika. Komabe, kusinthaku kukuyembekezeka kukhala kovuta kwamakampani ambiri, ndipo ntchito m'gawo lonselo zitha kukhudzidwa.

Pakadali pano, makampani opanga utoto amathanso kuyang'anizana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa malamulo kuti aletse mapangidwe a ma microbeads. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapulasitiki tomwe timatha kulowa m'madzi ndipo tawonetsedwa kuti timawononga zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Zotsatira zake, pangakhale kukakamiza kuletsa utoto wopopera womwe uli ndi ma microbead, omwe atha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pamakampani.

Ngakhale pali zovuta zomwe kusinthaku kungayambitse, palinso mwayi wokulirapo komanso waluso. Bioplastics ndi mafakitale ena omwe amapanga zida zokhazikika awona kuchuluka kwazinthu, ndipo kafukufuku wazinthu zobiriwira atha kulandira ndalama zambiri. Pamapeto pake, kusunthira ku tsogolo lokhazikika kudzafuna mgwirizano pakati pa mafakitale, boma, ndi ogula. 

Zotsatira za microplastics

Zotsatira zazikulu za kuyipitsidwa kwa microplastic zingaphatikizepo:

• Malamulo aboma pakupanga pulasitiki komanso kuchuluka kwa kuyitanidwa kokonzanso.
• Kusintha kosayembekezeka kwa chilengedwe chazachilengedwe, madzi apansi panthaka, kayendedwe ka madzi apansi panthaka, ndi kayendedwe kazakudya.
• Zotsatira za kupanga okosijeni monga kuchuluka kwa ma plankton a m'nyanja yamchere kumakhudzidwa chifukwa chakumwa poizoni.
• Kuchulukirachulukira koyipa kwa mafakitale asodzi ndi zokopa alendo, zomwe zimadalira zachilengedwe zathanzi.
• Kumwa madzi kapena kuipitsidwa kwa chakudya kumakhudza thanzi la anthu ndikuwonjezera mtengo wamankhwala.
• Malo owonongeka, monga malo oyeretsera madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzanso kodula.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa malamulo ndi ndondomeko za chilengedwe.
• Anthu akumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene amakhala pachiwopsezo chowopsa cha kuwonongeka kwa microplastic chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zomangamanga ndi zida.
• Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amapanga kapena kutaya zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha ma microplastics.
• Zatsopano pakuwongolera zinyalala ndi matekinoloje obwezeretsanso kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa ndi microplastic.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti vuto la microplastic lingathetsedwe bwanji?
• Kodi maboma angayang'anire bwino bwanji mafakitale opanga ma microplastic?