Zakudya zam'mlengalenga: Zakudya zomwe sizili padziko lapansi

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 9, 2023

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pakuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhazikitsa chakudya chokhazikika komanso chopatsa thanzi chomwe chingathe kupirira zovuta za utumwi wapadziko lonse lapansi. Asayansi akuyesetsa kupanga zakudya zomwe zimapereka michere yofunika komanso yotetezeka, yaying'ono, komanso yosavuta kukonzekera mumlengalenga.

Nkhani yazakudya zam'mlengalenga

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ntchito zokopa alendo zakuthambo kwachitika chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komwe kwatsegula mwayi wofufuza mopitilira malire a pulaneti lathu. Mabiliyoni aukadaulo ngati Elon Musk ndi Richard Branson achita chidwi kwambiri ndi bizinesi yatsopanoyi ndipo akuika ndalama zambiri pakuyenda mumlengalenga. Ngakhale zokopa alendo zomwe zikuchitika pano zimangokhala maulendo apandege apansi panthaka, makampani ngati SpaceX ndi Blue Origin akuyesetsa kukulitsa luso la kuwulutsa mumlengalenga, kulola anthu kukhala mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, kufufuza kwakuya ndi cholinga chachikulu, ndikukhazikitsa malo okhala anthu pa Mwezi ndi kupitirira mu 2030s. Cholinga ichi chimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, chimodzi mwazo ndikupanga chakudya chomwe chimatha kukhalabe ndikuyenda m'mapulaneti osiyanasiyana ndikukhalabe ndi thanzi. Magawo a chakudya ndi ulimi akugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo kuti apange njira za chakudya zomwe zingathandize kufufuza malo kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa zovuta kwambiri.

Maphunziro mazana ambiri akuchitika pa International Space Station (ISS) kuti apange zakudya zakumalo. Izi zimachokera ku kuyang'ana maselo a zinyama ndi zomera pansi pa microgravity kupanga machitidwe odziimira omwe amayendetsa kukula kwa maselo. Ofufuza akuyesa kulima mbewu monga letesi ndi tomato mumlengalenga ndipo ayambanso kupanga njira zina zopangira zomera monga nyama yolimidwa. Kafukufuku wokhudza zakudya zakuthambo alinso ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakupanga chakudya padziko lapansi. Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi 10 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2050, kutengera zomwe bungwe la United Nations (UN) linanena, kupanga njira zopangira chakudya chokhazikika ndi nkhani yaikulu. 

Zosokoneza

Mu 2021, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) idakhazikitsa Deep Space Food Challenge kuti ithandizire maphunziro apadziko lonse lapansi okhudzana ndi kupanga chakudya mumlengalenga. Cholinga chake chinali kupanga dongosolo lokhazikika lazakudya lothandizira malo akuya. Zoperekazo zinali zosiyanasiyana komanso zolimbikitsa.

Mwachitsanzo, Solar Foods ya ku Finland inagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yowotchera mpweya yomwe imatulutsa puloteni yotchedwa Solein, yomwe imakhala ndi selo imodzi yokha, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi magetsi basi. Njirayi imatha kupereka gwero lokhazikika komanso lopatsa thanzi la protein. Panthawiyi, kampani ya ku Australia yotchedwa Enigma of the Cosmos, inagwiritsa ntchito makina obiriwira obiriwira omwe amasintha bwino komanso malo potengera kukula kwa mbewu. Opambana ena apadziko lonse lapansi adaphatikiza Electric Cow yaku Germany, yomwe idalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kusindikiza kwa 3D kuti tisinthe mpweya woipa ndi zinyalala kuti zikhale chakudya, ndi JPWorks SRL yaku Italy, yomwe idapanga "Chloe NanoClima," malo oteteza zachilengedwe pokulitsa mbewu za nano. ndi microgreens.

Pakadali pano, mu 2022, Aleph Farms, woyambitsa nyama yokhazikika, adatumiza maselo a ng'ombe ku ISS kuti akaphunzire momwe minofu imapangidwira pansi pa microgravity ndikukulitsa danga. Japan consortium Space Foodsphere idasankhidwanso ndi Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries ku Japan kuti ipange dongosolo lazakudya lomwe lingathe kuthandizira maulendo a Mwezi. 

Zotsatira za zakudya zakuthambo

Zotsatira zazakudya zakumalo zingaphatikizepo:

• Malo odziyimira pawokha omwe amatha kuyang'anira ndikusintha mikhalidwe kutengera mtundu wa zomera kapena ma cell omwe akukulira. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo kutumiza zidziwitso zenizeni ku Earth.
• Mafamu am'mlengalenga a Mwezi, Mars, ndi zaluso zakuthambo ndi masiteshoni omwe amadzisamalira okha ndipo amatha kubzalidwa pa dothi lamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Msika womwe ukukulirakulira wazakudya zam'mlengalenga monga zokopa alendo zamlengalenga zikusintha pofika m'ma 2040s.
• Kuwonjezeka kwachitetezo cha chakudya kwa anthu okhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi, monga zipululu kapena madera a polar.
• Kupanga misika yatsopano yazakudya zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zitha kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma komanso luso lazakudya. Izi zitha kupangitsanso kufunikira kwaukadaulo waulimi ndi chakudya, zomwe zitha kutsitsa mtengo ndikuwongolera bwino.
• Kupanga njira zamazakudya zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zatsopano za hydroponics, kuyika zakudya, komanso kusunga chakudya, zomwe zitha kukhalanso ndi ntchito Padziko Lapansi.
• Kufunika kwakukulu kwa ntchito pakufufuza ndi chitukuko, kuyesa, ndi kupanga. 
• Kupanga machitidwe otsekeka omwe amabwezeretsanso zinyalala ndikukonzanso zinthu. 
• Kuzindikira kwatsopano pazakudya za anthu ndi physiology, zomwe zingakhudze njira zamankhwala ndi matekinoloje. 
• Kupanga zakudya zatsopano zachikhalidwe ndi miyambo yophikira yomwe imachokera ku ulimi wamlengalenga ndi zofufuza.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mungakonde kudya zakudya zakuthambo?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti zakudya zakuthambo zingasinthe bwanji momwe timapangira chakudya padziko lapansi?