Synthetic media ndi lamulo: Kulimbana ndi zosokeretsa

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 17, 2023

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa matekinoloje opezeka kapena ozama kwapangitsa kuti ogula azikhala pachiwopsezo cha kufalitsa nkhani zabodza komanso kusokoneza njira zoulutsira mawu, komanso popanda zida zofunikira kuti adziteteze. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chosokoneza zinthu, mabungwe akuluakulu monga mabungwe aboma, zoulutsira mawu, ndi makampani aukadaulo akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apangitse zoulutsira mawu kuti ziwonekere.

Synthetic media ndi malamulo

Kupatula nkhani zabodza komanso zosokoneza, zopanga kapena zosinthidwa mwa digito zadzetsa kufooka kwa thupi komanso kudzidalira pakati pa achinyamata. Body dysmorphia ndi matenda amisala omwe amapangitsa anthu kutengeka kwambiri ndi zolakwika zomwe akuwoneka. Achinyamata ndi amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli chifukwa nthawi zonse amakanthidwa ndi miyezo ya kukongola ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu.

Maboma ena akugwirizana ndi mabungwe kuti apange mabungwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mavidiyo ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi digito kuti asocheretse anthu kuti aziyankha mlandu. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la US Congress linapereka lamulo la Deepfake Task Force Act mu 2021. Biluyi idakhazikitsa gulu la National Deepfake and Digital Provenance lokhala ndi mabungwe wamba, mabungwe aboma, ndi maphunziro. Lamuloli likupanganso mulingo wa digito womwe ungazindikiritse komwe gawo lazinthu zapaintaneti zimachokera komanso zosinthidwa zomwe zidasinthidwa.

Bilu iyi ikuwonjezera Content Authenticity Initiative (CAI) motsogozedwa ndi kampani yaukadaulo ya Adobe. Protocol ya CAI imalola akatswiri opanga luso kuti apeze mbiri pazantchito zawo polumikiza zomwe zikuwonetsa kusokoneza, monga dzina, malo, ndikusintha mbiri pazankhani. Mulingo uwu umapatsanso ogula mulingo watsopano wowonekera pazomwe amawona pa intaneti.

Malinga ndi Adobe, matekinoloje oyambira amapatsa makasitomala mphamvu kuti azichita mosamala popanda kudikirira zilembo zapakati. Kufalikira kwa nkhani zabodza komanso zabodza zitha kuchepetsedwa popangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti azitha kuwona komwe chinachokera ndikuzindikira magwero ovomerezeka.

Zosokoneza

Zolemba zapa social media ndi gawo limodzi pomwe malamulo opangira ma media akufunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Mu 2021, dziko la Norway lidakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa otsatsa komanso okonda ma TV kuti agawane zithunzi zomwe zidasinthidwa popanda kuwulula kuti chithunzicho chidasinthidwa. Lamulo latsopanoli limakhudza mtundu, makampani, ndi olimbikitsa omwe amatumiza zomwe zathandizidwa pamasamba onse ochezera. Mapositi omwe alipidwa amatanthawuza zomwe amalipira ndi otsatsa, kuphatikiza kupereka zinthu. 

Kusinthaku kumafuna kuwululidwa kwa zosintha zilizonse zomwe zasinthidwa pachithunzichi, ngakhale zidachitika chithunzicho chisanajambulidwe. Mwachitsanzo, zosefera za Snapchat ndi Instagram zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe amunthu ziyenera kulembedwa. Malinga ndi atolankhani a Vice, zitsanzo zina zomwe ziyenera kulembedwa ndi "milomo yokulitsa, chiuno chochepa, ndi minofu yokokokera." Poletsa otsatsa ndi olimbikitsa kuyika zithunzi zojambulidwa popanda kuwonekera, boma likuyembekeza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa achinyamata omwe akugonjera kupsinjika kwa thupi.

Mayiko ena a ku Ulaya apanga kapena kupereka malamulo ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, UK idakhazikitsa Bili ya Zithunzi Zosintha Mawonekedwe a Digital mu 2021, yomwe ingafune kuti zolemba zapa TV zomwe zikuwonetsa zosefera kapena zosintha zilizonse ziululidwe. Bungwe la Advertising Standards Authority ku UK laletsanso anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi pazama TV kuti asagwiritse ntchito zosefera zosawoneka bwino pazotsatsa. Mu 2017, dziko la France linapereka lamulo lofuna zithunzi zonse zamalonda zomwe zasinthidwa pa digito kuti chitsanzo chiwoneke chochepa kwambiri kuti chiphatikizepo chizindikiro chochenjeza chofanana ndi chomwe chimapezeka pamaphukusi a ndudu. 

Zotsatira za synthetic media ndi lamulo

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zoulutsira mawu zoyendetsedwa ndi malamulo zitha kukhala: 

• Mabungwe ambiri ndi maboma akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange miyezo yoyambira kuti athandize ogula kuyang'anira kulengedwa ndi kufalikira kwa zidziwitso zapaintaneti.
• Mabungwe oletsa kufalitsa mauthenga akupanga mapulogalamu okwanira kuti aphunzitse anthu za kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje odana ndi deepfake ndikuzindikira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
• Malamulo okhwima omwe amafuna kuti otsatsa ndi makampani apewe kugwiritsa ntchito (kapena kuwulula momwe amagwiritsira ntchito) zithunzi zokokomeza ndi zosinthidwa kuti atsatse.
• Ma social media akukakamizika kuwongolera momwe otsogolera akugwiritsira ntchito zosefera zawo. Nthawi zina, zosefera zamapulogalamu zimatha kukakamizidwa kuti zisindikize watermark pazithunzi zomwe zasinthidwa zithunzizo zisanasindikizidwe pa intaneti.
• Kuchulukitsa kupezeka kwa matekinoloje a deepfake, kuphatikiza machitidwe apamwamba anzeru opangira omwe angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kwa anthu ndi ma protocol kuti azindikire zomwe zasinthidwa.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi malamulo ena a dziko lanu okhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina opangira zinthu, ngati alipo?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti zinthu zadeepfake ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwanji?