Green hydrogen kuti ipambane ndi mafuta amafuta pofika 2040

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 29, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kupanga kwa haidrojeni wobiriwira kudzera mu electrolysis, yolimbikitsidwa ndi zongowonjezera, kumachotsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide. Gwero lamphamvu lazachilengedweli litha kusintha mayendedwe, kuchepetsa kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa gridi, ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kowonjezereka kwa zongowonjezera. Lilinso ndi lonjezo la kulenga ntchito, chitetezo cha mphamvu ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo mu mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.

Mphamvu ya haidrojeni

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Wood Mackenzie Ltd, mtengo wa hydrogen wobiriwira ukuyembekezeka kutsika ndi 64 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2040. Pofika m'chaka cha 2023, ma hydrogen ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta ndipo amachokera ku gasi wachilengedwe. mwa-katundu. Tsoka ilo, njira yopangirayi imapangitsa kuti pakhale matani pafupifupi 830 miliyoni a carbon dioxide pachaka, omwe ndi ofanana ndi mpweya wophatikizana wa UK ndi Indonesia.

Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, zimakhala zotheka mwachuma kupanga haidrojeni kudzera munjira yotchedwa electrolysis, yomwe imaphatikizapo kulekanitsa madzi m'magulu ake. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, haidrojeni ikhoza kupangidwa popanda kutulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, motero kumatchedwa 'green hydrogen.' Hydrojeni wobiriwira wotulukayo amatha kusungidwa bwino, kunyamulidwa kudutsa malire a mayiko, ndipo pamapeto pake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumagetsi amagalimoto kapena kupereka magetsi kumagulu onse.

Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe atha kuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni wobiriwira ngati gwero lamafuta amagalimoto kumakhala kotsika mtengo. Kusinthaku kungapangitse kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, ndikupereka yankho ku zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka mafuta oyambira kale. Kuphatikiza apo, ss mtengo wa hydrogen wobiriwira ukuchepa, zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri kusunga mphamvu zongowonjezera zotuluka kuchokera kumagwero ngati mphepo ndi mphamvu yadzuwa. Hydrojeni yosungidwayi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala magetsi panthawi yomwe ikufunika kwambiri, motero kumapangitsa kudalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa ma gridi amagetsi.

Zosokoneza

Kuphatikiza pa ubwino wa chilengedwe, kuchepa kwa mtengo wa hydrogen wobiriwira kumapereka mwayi wodalirika wamakampani opanga mphamvu zowonjezera. Magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, monga dzuwa ndi mphepo, ndi zapakatikati mwachilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti kupanga mphamvu kumatengera nyengo. Kutha kusintha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kukhala za hydrogen wobiriwira kudzera mu electrolysis kumapereka njira yosungira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi panthawi yomwe imapanga zochepa. Chifukwa chake, izi zitha kupangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwa, kulimbikitsa kutengera kwawo ndikuphatikizana ndi machitidwe omwe alipo kale.

Izi zitha kukhala zosintha kwambiri chifukwa magawo amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi akukumana kale ndi zovuta zambiri chifukwa amachokera kuzinthu zosasinthika kupita kumagetsi ongowonjezedwanso kuti akwaniritse miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yotulutsa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, zida zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zilipo (kuchokera ku ma gridi amagetsi kupita ku mapaipi a gasi) ziyenera kusinthidwa ndikuwonjezedwa kuti zifotokozere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi omwe akukula, makamaka haidrojeni. 

Izi zidzafuna kuyika ndalama zambiri patsogolo pa maphunziro a zachilengedwe, matekinoloje, ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito m'gawo lamagetsi omwe adagwirapo ntchito ndi magetsi osasinthika ngati gasi ndi malasha adzafunika maphunziro owonjezera kuti asinthe kuti azigwira ntchito motetezeka komanso mogwira mtima ndi magwero amagetsi oyeretsa, monga ma hydrogen obiriwira. Kusinthaku kutha kuchitika m'ma 2020, pomwe mayiko ngati Germany, Australia, ndi Japan amayika ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri popanga ma haidrojeni obiriwira am'deralo ndikulowetsa kunja.

Zotsatira za kupanga haidrojeni

Zotsatira zazikulu za kupanga haidrojeni zingaphatikizepo:

• Magalimoto amafuta opangidwa kuti aziyenda pa haidrojeni, makamaka magalimoto olemera ngati magalimoto onyamula.
• Mafakitole onse ndi zoyenga zolemera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi hydrogen wobiriwira, zomwe zingawononge kwambiri mafakitale olemera.
• Maiko omwe ali ndi dzuwa lambiri koma malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi ochepa (monga Australia ndi Chile) akukhala ogulitsa mphamvu kumayiko a G7.
• Mwayi watsopano wantchito muukadaulo wa electrolysis, ndikusungira ma hydrogen ndi zoyendera.
• Kutetezedwa kwa mphamvu pakuphatikiza kusakanikirana kwamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kudalira mafuta obwera kuchokera kunja, zomwe zingathe kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wadziko komanso kukhazikika kwadziko.
• Demokalase ya mphamvu imathandizira anthu ndi madera kuti apange ndikusunga mphamvu zawo, kuchepetsa kudalira machitidwe apakati pamagetsi.
• Kupita patsogolo ndi luso lamagetsi a electrolysis, njira zosungiramo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za haidrojeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthika kwaukadaulo muzinthu zofananira.
• Ogwira ntchito amadalira kwambiri mafuta achilengedwe omwe amafunikira kuphunzitsidwanso ndikusintha ntchito kuti awonetsetse kusintha kwachilungamo komanso koyenera kupita ku chuma chobiriwira.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ngati mumagwira ntchito mu gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kodi kampani yanu ikupanga hydrogen wobiriwira?
• Ndi zovuta zina zotani zotengera green hydrogen?