Convolutional neural network (CNN): Kuphunzitsa makompyuta momwe angawonere

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 1, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ma Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakugawa zithunzi ndi masomphenya apakompyuta, amasintha momwe makina amazindikirira ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimawonedwa. Amatsanzira masomphenya a anthu, kukonza zithunzi kudzera mu convolutional, pooling, ndi zigawo zolumikizidwa kwathunthu kuti achotse ndi kusanthula. Ma CNN ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kugulitsa zopangira, magalimoto owongolera chitetezo, chisamaliro chaumoyo pakuzindikira chotupa, komanso ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumafikira pakuwunika zolemba, ma genetics, ndikusanthula zithunzi za satana. Ndi kuphatikizika kwawo m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ma CNN amadzutsa nkhawa zamakhalidwe abwino, makamaka okhudza ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope ndi zinsinsi za data, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kowunika mosamalitsa kutumizidwa kwawo.

Convolutional neural network (CNN) nkhani

Ma CNN ndi njira yophunzirira mwakuya yolimbikitsidwa ndi momwe anthu ndi nyama amagwiritsira ntchito maso awo kuzindikira zinthu. Makompyuta alibe kuthekera kotere; pamene “awona” fano, amatembenuzidwa kukhala manambala. Chifukwa chake, ma CNN amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma neural network ena ndi kuthekera kwawo kwapamwamba pakusanthula deta yazithunzi ndi ma audio. Amapangidwa kuti aziphunzira okha komanso mosintha momwe amapangira mawonekedwe, kuyambira pamachitidwe otsika mpaka apamwamba. Ma CNN atha kuthandiza kompyuta kupeza maso "aumunthu" ndikuipatsa masomphenya apakompyuta, kuwalola kutenga ma pixel ndi manambala omwe amawona ndikuthandizira kuzindikira ndi kugawa zithunzi. 

ConvNets imagwiritsa ntchito zotsegula pamapu kuti zithandizire makinawo kudziwa zomwe akuwona. Izi zimatheka ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu: convolutional, pooling, ndi zigawo zogwirizana kwathunthu. Awiri oyambirira (convolutional ndi pooling) amachita zochotsa deta, pamene wosanjikiza wolumikizidwa kwathunthu amapanga zotuluka, monga kugawa. Mapu amasamutsidwa kuchoka ku wosanjikiza kupita ku wosanjikiza mpaka kompyuta iwona chithunzi chonse. Ma CNN amapatsidwa zambiri momwe angathere kuti azindikire mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pouza makompyuta kuti ayang'ane m'mphepete ndi mizere, makinawa amaphunzira kuzindikira mofulumira komanso molondola zithunzi zomwe sizingatheke kwa anthu.

Zosokoneza

Ngakhale ma CNN amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikiritsa zithunzi ndi ntchito zamagulu, amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndikugawa magawo. Mwachitsanzo, pogulitsa, ma CNN amatha kusaka kuti azindikire ndikupangira zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zovala zomwe zilipo. Pamagalimoto, ma netiwekiwa amatha kuyang'anira kusintha kwamisewu monga kuzindikira kwa mizere kuti atetezeke. Pazaumoyo, ma CNN amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira bwino zotupa za khansa pogawa ma cell owonongekawa kuchokera ku ziwalo zathanzi zowazungulira. Pakadali pano, ma CNN apititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wozindikiritsa nkhope, kulola malo ochezera a pa TV kuti azindikire anthu pazithunzi ndikupereka malingaliro amalemba. (Komabe, Facebook yasankha kuyimitsa izi mu 2021, ponena za nkhawa zomwe zikukulirakulira komanso malamulo osadziwika bwino ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo uwu). 

Kusanthula kwa zolemba kumathanso kuyenda bwino ndi ma CNN. Akhoza kutsimikizira ntchito yolembedwa pamanja, kuifanizira ndi nkhokwe ya zinthu zolembedwa pamanja, kutanthauzira mawu, ndi zina zambiri. Atha kusanthula mapepala olembedwa pamanja ofunikira ku banki ndi zachuma kapena gulu lazolemba zamamyuziyamu. Mu genetics, maukondewa amatha kuwunika zikhalidwe zama cell pakufufuza kwa matenda powunika zithunzi ndi mapu ndi zolosera zam'tsogolo kuti athandizire akatswiri azachipatala kupanga chithandizo chomwe chingathe. Pomaliza, ma convolutional layers atha kuthandizira kugawa zithunzi za satelayiti ndikuzindikira mwachangu zomwe zili, zomwe zingathandize pakufufuza zakuthambo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa convolutional neural network (CNN)

Ntchito zina za convolutional neural network (CNN) zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika kwachipatala, kuphatikiza radiology, x-ray, ndi matenda amtundu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma CNN kuyika zithunzi zowulutsidwa kuchokera ku ma shuttles ndi masiteshoni, ndi ma rovers a mwezi. Mabungwe achitetezo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma CNN ku ma satellites ndi ma drones kuti adzizindikiritse okha ndikuwunika chitetezo kapena ziwopsezo zankhondo.
• Ukadaulo wotsogola wozindikira zilembo zamawu olembedwa pamanja ndi kuzindikira zithunzi.
• Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zama robotiki m'malo osungiramo zinthu komanso malo obwezeretsanso.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo pogawa zigawenga ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi kuchokera ku makamera owunika m'tauni kapena mkati. Komabe, njira iyi ikhoza kukhala ndi zokondera.
• Makampani ambiri akufunsidwa za momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope, kuphatikiza momwe amasonkhanitsira ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma CNN angasinthe bwanji mawonekedwe apakompyuta komanso momwe timagwiritsira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku?
• Ndi maubwino ena ati omwe angakhalepo pozindikira bwino zithunzi ndi kuzigawa?