Maloboti a DNA: Akatswiri opanga ma cell

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 18, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ofufuza apanga DNA nanorobot yomwe ingasinthe momwe timaphunzirira ndikuchizira matenda mwa kuwongolera mphamvu zama cell. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito DNA origami kupanga zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa ma cell receptors molondola kwambiri kuposa kale. Zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndiukadaulowu zimapitilira kupitilira chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuyeretsa chilengedwe, ndikugogomezera kusinthasintha kwake komanso kufunikira kofufuza mopitilira muyeso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

DNA robots nkhani

Gulu lothandizira la Inserm, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, ndi Université de Montpellier adapanga nanorobot kuti ofufuza azitha kuphunzira mphamvu zamakina pamlingo wocheperako, womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe komanso zamatenda. Mphamvu zamakina pamlingo wa ma cell ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa matupi athu komanso kukula kwa matenda, kuphatikiza khansa, komwe ma cell amasinthira ku microenvironment yawo poyankha mphamvu izi. Ukadaulo womwe ulipo pakali pano wophunzirira mphamvuzi ndi wocheperako ndi mtengo komanso kulephera kusanthula ma receptors angapo nthawi imodzi, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kwa njira zatsopano zopititsira patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu.

Gulu lofufuzalo linatembenukira ku njira ya DNA ya origami, yomwe imalola kuti munthu adzipangire yekha ma nanostructures atatu-dimensional pogwiritsa ntchito DNA. Njirayi yathandizira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa nanotechnology m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga robot yogwirizana ndi kukula kwa maselo aumunthu. Roboti imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera mphamvu ndi chigamulo cha piconewton imodzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ma mechanoreceptors azitha kugwira ntchito pama cell. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatsegula njira zatsopano zomvetsetsa njira zama cell mechanosensitivity, zomwe zingayambitse kutulukira kwa ma mechanoreceptors atsopano ndikuzindikira njira zachilengedwe komanso zamatenda pama cell.

Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamlingo wolondola wotere mu-vitro ndi mu-vivo kumakwaniritsa kufunikira komwe kukukula pakati pa asayansi pazida zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwathu kwamakina am'manja. Komabe, zovuta monga biocompatibility ndi kukhudzidwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa enzymatic zidakalipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kafukufuku wina afufuze pakusintha kwapansi ndi njira zina zoyambitsa. Kafukufukuyu akukhazikitsa maziko ogwiritsira ntchito ma nanorobots pazachipatala, monga chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe amayang'aniridwa ndi matenda monga khansa komanso kuyesa kuyeretsa chilengedwe. 

Zosokoneza

Popeza maloboti a DNAwa amatha kupereka mankhwala molondola kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, odwala amatha kulandira chithandizo chogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso mbiri ya matenda. Momwemonso, mankhwala amatha kukhala othandiza kwambiri, ndi zotsatira zochepetsera, kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za odwala komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo. Kukula kumeneku kungapangitse chithandizo chamankhwala chogwira mtima kwambiri, kuyambira ku khansa kupita ku zovuta zama genetic, kuwongolera moyo wabwino komanso moyo wautali.

Pakadali pano, ma nanorobots a DNA amatsegula njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu zatsopano komanso kusiyanitsa mpikisano. Makampani omwe amagulitsa ukadaulo uwu atha kutsogolera pakupanga njira zochiritsira zam'mibadwo yotsatira, kupeza ma patent, ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yatsopano yopereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kwa mgwirizano wamagulu osiyanasiyana pankhaniyi kungathe kulimbikitsa mgwirizano m'mafakitale onse, kuchokera kumakampani aukadaulo omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga nano-fabrication kupita ku mabungwe ofufuza omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito zamankhwala. Mgwirizano woterewu ukhoza kufulumizitsa malonda a zomwe apeza pa kafukufuku, kumasulira kukhala mankhwala atsopano omwe amafika pamsika mofulumira kwambiri.

Maboma ndi mabungwe owongolera atha kulimbikitsa zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito, kukula kwachuma, komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito bwino matekinoloje oterowo ndikofunikira kuti athane ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike komanso zovuta zamakhalidwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu amakhulupirira. Pamene lusoli likupita patsogolo, lingafunikenso kusintha kwa ndondomeko zachipatala kuti ziphatikizepo chithandizo chamakono, chomwe chingathe kukonzanso machitidwe azachipatala kuti agwirizane bwino ndi njira zachipatala komanso zolondola.

Zotsatira za ma robot a DNA

Zowonjezereka za maloboti a DNA zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwamankhwala operekera mankhwala kumachepetsa mlingo wofunikira pa chithandizo chamankhwala, kuchepetsa zotsatira za mankhwala ndikusintha zotsatira za odwala.
• Kusintha kwa kafukufuku wamankhwala kumangoyang'ana kwambiri zachipatala chamunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chogwirizana ndi mbiri yamunthu payekha.
• Mwayi watsopano wa ntchito m'magawo a biotechnology ndi nanotechnology, zomwe zimafuna anthu ogwira ntchito odziwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga molecular biology, engineering, ndi data science.
• Mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala unachepa pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima komanso kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chanthawi yayitali komanso kugona m'chipatala.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama pakuyambira kwa nanotechnology, kulimbikitsa zatsopano komanso zomwe zingayambitse kutukuka kwa mafakitale atsopano.
• Kupindula kwa chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito maloboti a DNA poyang'anira ndi kukonza zowonongeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zachilengedwe zikhale zoyera.
• Kusintha kwa zofuna za msika wogwira ntchito, ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito zopanga zachikhalidwe komanso kuchuluka kwaukadaulo wapamwamba.
• Kufunika kwa maphunziro opitilira moyo wonse ndikukonzanso luso kuti akonzekeretse ogwira ntchito apano ndi amtsogolo kuti apite patsogolo paukadaulo.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi maloboti a DNA angasinthe bwanji momwe timayendera kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda?
• Kodi machitidwe amaphunziro angasinthike bwanji kuti akonzekere mibadwo yamtsogolo pakusintha kwaukadaulo komwe ma robotiki a DNA amabweretsa?