Ma genetic engineered microbiome: Kusintha mabakiteriya paumoyo

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 8, 2023

Microbiome imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo enaake. Kusintha kwa ma microbiome kumatha kuthandizira kupondereza kapena kuwonetsa zina ndikupereka chithandizo, kupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana pazaulimi, thanzi, ndi thanzi.

Ma genetic engineered microbiome context

The gut microbiome, gulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'matumbo a munthu, ndi gawo lalikulu pa thanzi. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti gut microbiome imatha kukhudza matenda a autoimmune, shuga, khansa, matenda amtima, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, ngakhale kuvutika maganizo. Komabe, kulinganiza kwa chilengedwe chofewacho kungasokonezedwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zakudya ndi maantibayotiki, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kubwezeretsa. 

Ofufuza angapo akuyang'ana ma microbiomes osintha ma genetic kuti awonjezere mwayi wawo wopulumuka komanso kusinthika. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi a pa yunivesite ya Texas A&M anagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana kwa bakiteriya, E. coli, ndi nyongolotsi yozungulira kuti apange majini a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu 2021. Iwo anazindikira kuti pamene majini opondereza a fluorescence analowetsedwa mu plasmid ya E. coli, mphutsi zomwe zidazidya zikanasiya kuwonetsa fluorescence. Chaka chomwecho, asayansi pa yunivesite ya California San Francisco anakwanitsa kudzaza mavairasi osaka mabakiteriya pogwiritsa ntchito makina osintha jini a CRISPR kuti achotse ma chromosome mkati mwa E. coli.

Kubwerera mu 2018, ofufuza ku Harvard Medical School adagwira ntchito kuti mabakiteriya azilankhulana kuti azilumikizana ndikuwongolera mogwirizana. Adayambitsa ma signer ndi oyankha ma genetic kuti amasule ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwamitundu iwiri ya mabakiteriya. Pamene mbewa zimadyetsedwa mabakiteriyawa, matumbo a mbewa zonse amawonetsa zizindikiro za kutumizirana mauthenga, kutsimikizira kulankhulana bwino kwa mabakiteriya. Cholinga chimakhalabe chopanga ma microbiome opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya opangidwa m'matumbo amunthu omwe amatha kulumikizana bwino akamagwira ntchito zawo. 

Zosokoneza 

Kuwona kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira ma gene kuti awononge matumbo a microbiome kumatha kuthana ndi kusalinganika komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochulukirapo atha kupeza chithandizo chothandizira kukonza kusalingana kwa mabakiteriya m'matumbo amunthu. Mwa ma genetic engineering mabakiteriya omwe amadziwika kuti ndi opindulitsa pa thanzi la m'matumbo, asayansi amatha kupanga njira zatsopano zochizira matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi m'matumbo, kuphatikiza matenda otupa a m'matumbo, matenda am'mimba, komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Amalolanso njira zatsopano zochizira matenda a shuga chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa mahomoni. 

Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe mabakiteriya amakhala osavuta kuwongolera majini ndi chifukwa cha DNA yawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti tili ndi tiziduswa ta DNA totchedwa plasmids kuwonjezera pa zinthu zazikulu za DNA zomwe zimatchedwa chromosomes. Plasmids amatha kupanga makope awoawo ndipo amakhala ndi majini ochepa kuposa ma chromosome, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusintha ndi zida zama genetic. Mwachindunji, zidutswa za DNA zochokera ku zamoyo zina zimatha kuikidwa mu plasmids ya mabakiteriya.

Ma plasmid akapanga makope awo, amapanganso makope a majini owonjezera, otchedwa transgenes. Mwachitsanzo, ngati jini yamunthu yopangira insulini iwonjezeredwa ku plasmid, momwe mabakiteriya amakopera plasmid, amapanganso makope ambiri a jini ya insulin. Majiniwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatulutsa insulin yambiri. Komabe, asayansi amavomereza kuti izi zikadali kutali kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri za ma microbiomes. Komabe, maphunziro aposachedwa atha kukhalanso ndi ntchito zingapo pakuwongolera tizirombo, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu, komanso kuzindikira matenda a Chowona Zanyama. 

Zotsatira za ma genetic engineered microbiomes

Zotsatira zakukula kwaukadaulo wopambana wa ma genetic wa microbiome m'malo angapo zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchulukitsa kafukufuku pazida zosinthira ma gene, monga CRISPR.
• Kutsegula mwayi watsopano wopanga ma biofuel, chakudya, ndi zinthu zina popanga mabakiteriya atsopano oyenerera ntchito zina.
• Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki omwe amalimbana ndi mabakiteriya mwachisawawa. 
• Chidwi chochulukirapo pazamankhwala odziwikiratu komanso kuzindikira, komwe chithandizo chimasinthidwa malinga ndi matumbo a munthu.
• Zowopsa zomwe zingatheke pakuchulukana kwa mabakiteriya omwe angapangitse kuti pakhale matenda ena.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Poganizira zovuta za microbiome ya m'matumbo a munthu, kodi mukuganiza kuti luso lake lonse la majini litheka posachedwa?
• Kodi mukulosera kuti kufalikira kwa njira zotere kudzakwera bwanji?