Kukumba Mchenga: Chimachitika ndi Chiyani Mchenga wonse ukatha?

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 2, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mchenga padziko lonse lapansi, motsogozedwa ndi kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kukwera kwa mizinda, kukugogomezera zachilengedwe, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mchenga kukuchulukirachulukira kuwonjezeredwa kwake. Kudyera masuku pamutu kosalamuliridwa, kosonyezedwa ndi bungwe la United Nations Environment Programme, kumawopseza chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa mayiko kutsatira malamulo okhwimitsa migodi. Kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa migodi mopitilira muyeso kumawonekera pakusintha kwamitsinje komanso kuwononga madzi amchere m'madera monga Southeast Asia. Njira zothetsera mavutowa zikuphatikiza kukhometsa misonkho pamachitidwe amchenga ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zida zomangira zokhazikika kuti zichepetse "vuto lamchenga" ndi zovuta zake zachilengedwe.

Mchenga migodi nkhani

Mchenga ndi umodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kosalamulirika, kutanthauza kuti anthu akuuwononga mwachangu kuposa momwe ungasinthire. Lipoti la United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) likulangiza mayiko kuti achitepo kanthu mwamsanga pofuna kupewa “vuto lamchenga,” kuphatikizapo kutsatira lamulo loletsa kukumba magombe. Kuwongolera mchenga ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magalasi, konkriti, ndi zomangira padziko lonse lapansi kwachulukitsa katatu pazaka makumi awiri. Ngati palibe kuchitapo kanthu, zowononga zachilengedwe zitha kuchulukirachulukira, kuphatikiza kuwononga mitsinje ndi magombe komanso kuwononga zilumba zazing'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, ku South Africa, kukumba mchenga kwavuta kwambiri kotero kuti okumba mchenga ayenera kukhala ndi chilolezo ndipo akuyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima omwe amawonjezera mtengo wamchenga. Komabe, chifukwa cha lamuloli, kukumba mchenga kosaloledwa kwachuluka m’dziko lonselo, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ntchito za migodi ya mchenga zikhwime kwambiri. Pakali pano, ku Singapore, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopambanitsa kwa mchenga wake wochepa kwachititsa kuti dzikolo likhale dziko lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse loitanitsa mchenga.

Zosokoneza

Asayansi ena amanena kuti zotsatira za kukumba mchenga zimaonekera padziko lonse. Pofika m’chaka cha 2022, migodi ya mchenga yasintha mayendedwe a mitsinje ndikupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa, kutsekereza ngalande ndi kuletsa nsomba kupeza madzi aukhondo. Mtsinje wautali kwambiri ku Southeast Asia, mtsinje wa Mekong, ukuyamba kutha chifukwa cha mchenga wochulukirachulukira, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti madzi amchere alowe kumtunda ndikupha zomera ndi nyama. Mofananamo, mtsinje wamadzi opanda mchere ku Sri Lanka unasefukira ndi madzi a m’nyanja, kubweretsa ng’ona kumadera amene kale anali kukhalamo. 

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera migodi ya mchenga ndiyo kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi misonkho kwa ogwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa kunja. Ngakhale kuti kuletsa kuitanitsa mchenga kungakhale kothandiza, zotsatira za nthawi yaitali zingayambitse kuzembetsa ndi zina zoletsedwa. M'malo mwake, msonkho womwe umaganizira za kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe cha migodi yamchenga m'madera akhoza kukhala poyambira bwino. 

Zotsatira za migodi ya mchenga

Zowonjezereka za kukumba mchenga zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kuchulukitsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mchenga womwe ukusowa, monga kusefukira kwamadzi m'mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zisumbu. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu othawa kwawo achuluke chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
• Mayiko olemera kwambiri pamchenga amapezerapo mwayi pa kusowa kwa mchenga poonjezera mitengo ndi kukambirana kuti apeze mapangano abwino a malonda.
• Opanga zinthu zamafakitale akufufuza ndikupanga zida zobwezerezedwanso komanso zosakanizidwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mchenga.
• Maiko omwe amagawana malire ndi zinthu zamchenga amagwirira ntchito limodzi pakukhazikitsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yotumiza mchenga kunja. 
• Ogwira mchenga ndi makampani omanga akulamulidwa kwambiri, kukhomeredwa msonkho, ndi kulipitsidwa chifukwa chodyera masuku pamutu.
• Makampani ochulukirapo omwe amafufuza zida zomangira zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka, zobwezerezedwanso, komanso zokhazikika.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi migodi yamchenga ingayendetsedwe bwanji ndikuwunikidwa?
• Kodi ndi masoka ena ati achilengedwe omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mchenga wakutha?