Light-based quantum: Tsogolo lowala la quantum computing

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 26, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Zomwe zachitika posachedwa pamakompyuta a quantum zowunikira zikuwonetsa kusintha kwaukadaulo wamakompyuta, kuchoka ku njira zachikhalidwe kupita kukugwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'ono topepuka pokonza. Kusinthaku kumalonjeza kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu komanso mwachangu m'magawo osiyanasiyana komanso kuthekera kopindulitsa zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumabweretsanso mafunso ofunikira okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha data, kusinthika kwa msika wa ntchito, komanso mpikisano wapadziko lonse waukadaulo.

Kuwala-Based quantum context

Zosintha zingapo zakhala zikuchitika mu computing yochokera ku light-based quantum. Light-based quantum computing, kapena photonic quantum computing, imagwiritsa ntchito ma photons (tinthu tating'onoting'ono) kuti tiwerenge. Mosiyana ndi izi, makompyuta achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabwalo amagetsi ndi ma bits. Mu June 2023, ofufuza a MIT adapeza kuti lead-halide perovskite nanoparticles imatha kutulutsa ma photon mosasinthasintha. Zidazi sizikulonjeza zokhazokha zamtsogolo za solar panels chifukwa chopepuka komanso zosavuta kupanga, koma zimawonekeranso chifukwa cha luso lawo lamakono apamwamba chifukwa amatha kupanga mosavuta ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda ngati galasi.

Kenako, mu October 2023, asayansi a ku China anatulukira luso lawo pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yawo yatsopano ya quantum yotchedwa Jiuzhang 3.0, yomwe yapanga mbiri yatsopano padziko lonse pozindikira ma photon 255, kuposa ma photon 2.0 a Jiuzhang 113 amene analipo kale. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumathandizira Jiuzhang 3.0 kuchita mwachangu kuwirikiza miliyoni kuposa Jiuzhang 2.0 pothana ndi mavuto a zitsanzo za Gaussian boson, mtundu wovuta wa masamu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakompyuta a quantum. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, Jiuzhang 3.0 imatha kukonza zitsanzo za Gaussian boson zamphamvu kwambiri mu microsecond imodzi yokha, ntchito yomwe kompyuta yothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Frontier, ingafune zaka zoposa 20 biliyoni kuti amalize. 

Pomaliza, mu Januware 2024, asayansi aku Japan adalengeza zakupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuchotsa kufunika kwa kutentha kocheperako komwe kumafunikira makina amakono opangira ma quantum. Kupambana kwawo kumaphatikizapo gwero lapamwamba la "compressed light" lothandizira mauthenga kuti apange makompyuta amphamvu a quantum pofika chaka cha 2030. Kukula kumeneku kumapereka mwayi wochuluka komanso ubwino wa mphamvu kuposa njira zina monga makompyuta a superconducting ndi silicon-based quantum.

Zosokoneza

Kupita patsogolo kwa ma computing otengera kuwala kukuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso liwiro. Kuthekera kwaukadaulowu kugwira ntchito kutentha kwa chipinda kumachepetsa kufunikira kwa machitidwe oziziritsa ovuta, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso yotsika mtengo. Kuchulukirachulukira komanso kutsika kwamitengo yogwirira ntchito kumatha kulimbikitsa kutengera matekinoloje a quantum computing m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kufulumizitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chanzeru zopanga, sayansi yazinthu, ndi zolemba.

Kupanga ma computing a light-based quantum computing kungapangitsenso mwayi wofikira mwachangu komanso wotsika mtengo kuzinthu zapamwamba zowerengera. Kusintha kumeneku kungapangitse kuti chitetezo chaumwini chiwonjezeke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zotetezera deta. M'maphunziro, kupita patsogolo kotereku kungapereke ophunzira ndi ofufuza zida zatsopano zophunzirira ndi kuzindikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo uwu ukakhwima, utha kupanga mwayi watsopano wantchito ndi njira zantchito mu quantum computing ndi mafakitale ena.

Maboma awona kuti izi ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo luso la dziko lonse pa sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga. Kuyika ndalama mu computing ya quantum yopepuka kumatha kulimbikitsa mpikisano wadziko m'mafakitale apamwamba komanso kafukufuku. Ukadaulo uwu ungafunikenso zosintha pamadongosolo owongolera, makamaka okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha data, kuthana ndi zovuta zatsopano zobwera chifukwa cha luso lapamwamba lowerengera. Kuphatikiza apo, maboma angafunike kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro, mafakitale, ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo kuthekera kwa ma computing otengera kuwala.

Zotsatira za kuwala-based quantum

Zotsatira zazikulu za quantum yochokera ku kuwala zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerengera m'magawo ofufuza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsanzo zanyengo mwachangu komanso zolondola komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wa matenda.
• Kupeza mwachangu ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi mankhwala, kuchepetsa nthawi ndi mtengo wobweretsa izi kumsika.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa njira zama encryption zosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwandalama za cybersecurity komanso luso laukadaulo woteteza deta.
• Kusintha kwamaphunziro kumatengera kuchuluka kwa makompyuta ndi magawo ena okhudzana nawo, kupanga mipata yatsopano yophunzirira ndi njira zantchito zamaukadaulo omwe akubwera.
• Maboma omwe akupanga ndalama zopangira ma computing quantum computing ndi maphunziro, ndicholinga chofuna kukhala ndi mpikisano pautsogoleri waukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka geopolitical dynamics, momwe mayiko akulimbirana mphamvu pakupanga makompyuta, zomwe zitha kubweretsa mgwirizano watsopano ndi mikangano.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa demokalase kwazinthu zowerengera zapamwamba, zomwe zimathandizira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti apikisane ndi mabungwe akulu.
• Kukwera m'njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso zowononga chilengedwe, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutsika kwa mpweya mumakampani aukadaulo.
• Kusintha kwamitundu yamabizinesi m'magawo monga azachuma ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa kwapamwamba komanso luso lolosera.
• Zovuta zalamulo ndi zamakhalidwe zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha luso lapamwamba la makompyuta, zomwe zimafuna malamulo atsopano ndi machitidwe olamulira.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi kuphatikiza ma computing a light-based quantum m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kungasinthe bwanji msika wa ntchito?
• Kodi kupititsa patsogolo makompyuta a quantum kungakhudze bwanji chitetezo cha data padziko lonse lapansi?