Maloboti amolekyulu: Maloboti ang'onoang'ono awa amatha kuchita chilichonse

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 30, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ma robotiki a mamolekyulu, ntchito yolumikizana ndi ma robotics, molecular biology, ndi nanotechnology, motsogozedwa ndi Harvard's Wyss Institute, ikupititsa patsogolo kukonzanso kwa zingwe za DNA kukhala maloboti omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zovuta kwambiri pamlingo wa maselo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa majini kwa CRISPR, malobotiwa amatha kusintha chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi matenda, ndi mabungwe monga Ultivue ndi NuProbe omwe akutsogolera malonda. Ngakhale ofufuza akufufuza kuchuluka kwa maloboti a DNA kuti agwire ntchito zovuta, zofanana ndi madera a tizilombo, ntchito zenizeni zapadziko lapansi zikadali pachimake, zikulonjeza kulondola kosayerekezeka pakupereka mankhwala, chithandizo cha kafukufuku wa nanotechnology, komanso kuthekera kopanga zida zama cell m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. .

Maselo a ma robotiki

Ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Harvard ya Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering anachita chidwi ndi zochitika zina za DNA zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana, kukula kwake, ndi ntchito. Iwo anayesa kuloboti. Kutulukira kumeneku kunatheka chifukwa DNA ndi maloboti amagawana chinthu chimodzi - luso lokonzekera cholinga chenichenicho. Pankhani ya maloboti, amatha kusinthidwa kudzera pamakompyuta apakompyuta, komanso pa DNA, ndi ma nucleotide. Mu 2016, Institute idapanga Molecular Robotic Initiative, yomwe idasonkhanitsa akatswiri aukadaulo, mamolekyulu a biology, ndi nanotechnology. Asayansi anali okondwa ndi kudziyimira pawokha komanso kusinthasintha kwa mamolekyu, omwe amatha kudzisonkhanitsa okha ndikuchitapo kanthu munthawi yeniyeni ku chilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mamolekyu osinthikawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida za nanoscale zomwe zitha kugwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Ma robotiki a mamolekyulu amathandizidwa ndi zopambana zaposachedwa pakufufuza za majini, makamaka chida chosinthira ma gene CRISPR (chophatikizana pafupipafupi kubwereza kwakanthawi kochepa kwa palindromic). Chida ichi chimatha kuwerenga, kusintha, ndi kudula zingwe za DNA ngati pakufunika. Ndi ukadaulo uwu, mamolekyu a DNA amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni, kuphatikiza mabwalo achilengedwe omwe amatha kuzindikira matenda aliwonse omwe angakhalepo m'selo ndikuwapha okha kapena kuwaletsa kukhala khansa. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti maloboti amolekyu amatha kusintha kakulidwe ka mankhwala, kapezedwe ka mankhwala, ndi kachirendo. Wyss Institute ikupita patsogolo modabwitsa ndi polojekitiyi, ikukhazikitsa kale makampani awiri ogulitsa: Ultivue yojambula bwino kwambiri ya minofu ndi NuProbe ya nucleic acid diagnostics.

Zosokoneza

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa ma robotiki a ma molekyulu ndikuti zida zazing'onozi zimatha kulumikizana kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zovuta. Potengera zomwe zikuchitika kumagulu a tizilombo monga nyerere ndi njuchi, ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsa kupanga magulu a maloboti omwe amatha kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta komanso ntchito zonse polankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa infrared. Mtundu uwu wa nanotechnology wosakanizidwa, kumene malire a DNA akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi mphamvu ya kompyuta ya robots, akhoza kukhala ndi ntchito zingapo, kuphatikizapo kusungidwa bwino kwa deta komwe kungapangitse mpweya wochepa wa carbon.

Mu Julayi 2022, ophunzira ochokera ku yunivesite ya Emory ku Georgia adapanga maloboti amolekyulu okhala ndi ma mota a DNA omwe amatha kuyenda mwadala mbali ina yake. Ma motors adatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa mankhwala m'malo omwe amakhala komanso kudziwa nthawi yoti asiye kusuntha kapena kubwereza komwe akulowera. Ofufuzawo ati zomwe apezazi ndi gawo lalikulu pakuyezetsa zamankhwala komanso kuwunika matenda chifukwa ma robot a molekyulu amatha kuyankhulana ndi motor-to-motor. Kukulaku kumatanthauzanso kuti maguluwa atha kuthandiza kuthana ndi matenda osatha monga shuga kapena matenda oopsa. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wokhudza mbali imeneyi wapititsa patsogolo zinthu zina, asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti maloboti ang’onoang’onowa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mayiko ambiri akadali ndi zaka zambiri.

Zotsatira za ma robotiki a molekyulu

Zowonjezereka za ma robotic a molekyulu zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kafukufuku wolondola kwambiri pa maselo aumunthu, kuphatikizapo kutha kupereka mankhwala ku maselo enieni.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama mu kafukufuku wa nanotechnology, makamaka ndi othandizira azaumoyo ndi mankhwala akuluakulu.
• Gawo lamafakitale limatha kupanga zida zamakina zovuta ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito ma robot ambiri.
• Kuchulukitsidwa kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mamolekyu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse, kuyambira pazovala mpaka zomanga.
• Ma Nanorobots omwe amatha kukonzedwa kuti asinthe zigawo zawo ndi acidity, malingana ndi momwe adzafunikire kugwira ntchito zamoyo kapena kunja, kuwapanga kukhala ogwira ntchito okwera mtengo komanso osinthasintha.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi maubwino ena otani a maloboti amolekyu m'makampani?
• Kodi maubwino ena otani a maloboti amolekyu mu biology ndi zaumoyo?