Mgwirizano watsopano waukadaulo: Kodi zoyeserera zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kuthana ndi ndale?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 23, 2023

Kudziyimira pawokha kwaukadaulo kumakhudza kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, chidziwitso, ndi kuthekera. Komabe, si nthawi zonse zotheka kapena kofunika kuti dziko limodzi kapena kontinenti ikwaniritse zolingazi ndi dzanja limodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, mayiko amafunikira mgwirizano ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi malingaliro ofanana. Pamafunika kusamala kuti mgwirizano woterewu usathere m'nkhondo yatsopano yozizira.

New Strategic technical Alliances context

Kuwongolera matekinoloje apadera ndikofunikira kuti titeteze ufulu wadziko. Ndipo m'dziko la digito, pali chiwerengero chokwanira cha machitidwe odziyimira pawokha awa: ma semiconductors, ukadaulo wa quantum, 5G/6G telecommunications, chizindikiritso chamagetsi ndi makompyuta odalirika (EIDTC), mautumiki amtambo ndi ma data (CSDS), ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi opangira nzeru (SN-AI). 

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa pa yunivesite ya Stanford mu 2021, mayiko a demokalase akuyenera kupanga mgwirizano waukadaulo molingana ndi Universal Declaration of Human Rights ndi International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Zili ku mayiko otukuka, monga US ndi European Union (EU), kuti atsogolere mgwirizano woterewu potengera machitidwe achilungamo, kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito zaukadaulo. Zolinga izi zimatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse kwa AI ndi kuphunzira makina (ML) kumakhalabe koyenera komanso kokhazikika.

Komabe, potsata mgwirizano waukadaulo, pakhala pali mikangano pakati pa mayiko. Chitsanzo ndi mu Disembala 2020, pomwe EU idasaina pangano lazachuma la mabiliyoni ambiri ndi China, lomwe olamulira aku US motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Biden adadzudzula. 

Mayiko a US ndi China akhala akuchita mpikisano wa zomangamanga za 5G, pomwe mayiko onsewa ayesa kukopa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti asagwiritse ntchito ntchito za omwe akupikisana nawo. Sizikuthandizira kuti China yakhala ikutsogolera chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakompyuta pomwe US ​​yakhala ikutsogola pakukula kwa AI, ndikuwonjezera kusakhulupirirana pakati pa mayiko awiriwa pomwe akupikisana kuti akhale mtsogoleri wamkulu waukadaulo.

Zosokoneza

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Stanford, mgwirizano waukadaulo uyenera kukhazikitsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yaukadaulo ndikutsatira njira zachitetezo izi. Mfundozi zikuphatikiza ma benchmarks, certification, ndi zogwirizana. Chinthu chinanso chofunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti AI yodalirika, pomwe palibe kampani imodzi kapena dziko lomwe lingathe kulamulira ukadaulo ndikusintha ma aligorivimu kuti apindule.

Mu 2022, pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine, Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) idasindikiza lipoti lokhudza patsogolo kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe andale, mafakitale, ndi akatswiri aukadaulo. Lipoti la Strategic Autonomy Tech Alliances limapereka zosintha pazomwe zikuchitika komanso njira zina zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti EU iyambenso kudzilamulira.

EU idazindikira maiko ngati US, Canada, Japan, South Korea, ndi India ngati abwenzi otheka panjira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuyang'anira ma adilesi a intaneti padziko lonse lapansi mpaka kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo. Dera lomwe EU ikuyitanitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ma semiconductors. Mgwirizanowu udapereka lingaliro la EU Chips Act kuti amange mafakitale ambiri kuti athandizire kuchulukira mphamvu zamakompyuta komanso kuti asadalire China.

Mgwirizano wanzeru ngati kafukufuku wamtsogolo ndi chitukuko, makamaka mu mphamvu zobiriwira, dera lomwe mayiko ambiri akuyesera kuti lizifulumira. Pamene Europe ikuyesera kudzichotsa pa gasi ndi mafuta aku Russia, njira zokhazikikazi zikhala zofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikiza kupanga mapaipi a haidrojeni, ma turbine amphepo akunyanja, ndi mafamu a solar.

Zotsatira za mgwirizano watsopano waukadaulo

Zotsatira zazikulu za mgwirizano watsopano waukadaulo zitha kukhala: 

• Mgwirizano wosiyanasiyana pakati pa mayiko ndi makampani kuti agawane ndalama za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.
• Zotsatira zachangu pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, makamaka pakupanga mankhwala ndi ma genetic therapy.
• Kuchulukirachulukira pakati pa China ndi gulu la US-EU pomwe mabungwe awiriwa akuyesera kupanga chikoka chaukadaulo m'maiko opeza ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati.
• Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akugwidwa ndi mikangano yosiyanasiyana yazandale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asinthe kukhulupirika ndi zilango.
• EU ikukulitsa ndalama zake zothandizira mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pazamphamvu zokhazikika, kutsegulira mwayi mayiko aku Africa ndi Asia.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Kodi dziko lanu likugwirizana bwanji ndi mayiko ena paukadaulo wa R&D?
• Kodi maubwino ena ndi zovuta zotani za mgwirizano waukadaulo wotere?