Chip cha Neuromorphic: Kudumpha kwaubongo kwa computing

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 8, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Neuromorphic computing imatsanzira momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito bwino, ndikulonjeza kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso tsogolo lokhazikika la makompyuta. Njirayi ikufuna kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu kwaubongo ndikulimbikitsa zatsopano mu nzeru zopangapanga (AI), zomwe zitha kukonzanso mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ngakhale akupereka kusintha kwakukulu pamagetsi apakompyuta ndi ntchito za AI, tchipisi ta neuromorphic timakhalanso ndi zovuta pazinsinsi, chitetezo, komanso kufunikira kwa njira zowongolera zosinthidwa kuti zithandizire kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.

Neuromorphic chip nkhani

Neuromorphic computing ikufuna kutsanzira kapangidwe ka ubongo wa ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimawonetsa ma neurons ndi ma synapses, ndikupereka njira yodalirika yosinthira njira wamba zamakompyuta. Kafukufuku wochokera ku TU Graz ndi Intel Labs adawonetsa kuti zida za neuromorphic, monga chipangizo chofufuzira cha Intel Loihi, zimatha kukonza deta pomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa makina apakompyuta akale. Mbali imeneyi imabwera chifukwa cha mmene ubongo wa munthu umagwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri, umagwira ntchito movutikira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofananira ndi nyale. Kudumphadumpha kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa mayankho okhazikika apakompyuta m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Pakadali pano, The Human Brain Project, njira yayikulu yofufuza ku Europe yophatikiza asayansi opitilira 500, ikuphunzira tchipisi ta neuromorphic kuti imvetsetse bwino za ubongo. Akukonzekera kupanga ndikuphatikiza matekinoloje osiyanasiyana, deta, ndi zida pamiyeso, kuyambira ku majini mpaka kuzindikira. Kukula kwa projekitiyi ndi kwakukulu, kuphatikizira chitukuko cha zomangamanga zotsogozedwa ndi ubongo ndi makina olumikizirana ndi ubongo, zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, AI, ndi chithandizo chaposachedwa cha matenda amisempha.

Ma processor a Neuromorphic amatha kupitilira malire omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Moore (mphamvu zamakompyuta ndi magwiridwe antchito zitha kuchulukirachulukira pakapita nthawi). Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, ndizofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, monga magalimoto odziyimira pawokha, ma drones, ndiukadaulo wovala. Kuphatikiza apo, makompyuta a neuromorphic akhazikitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo zida zamakompyuta monga ma AI accelerators ndi ma co-processors, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuphatikizidwa mu machitidwe apamwamba apakompyuta,

Zosokoneza

Tchipisi za Neuromorphic zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zida zamakompyuta zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri, zida zapamwamba zothandizira anthu, komanso zosangalatsa zambiri. Komabe, kuchulukirachulukira kwa zidazi ndi kuthekera kumabweretsanso nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chinsinsi komanso chitetezo cha data, popeza zambiri zamunthu zimakonzedwa ndikusungidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugawikana kwa digito kumatha kukulirakulira chifukwa omwe sangathe kukwanitsa kapena kupeza ukadaulo waposachedwa amatsalira m'mbuyo pakupeza zidziwitso ndi kuwerenga kwa digito.

Mabizinesi atha kukulitsa ma analytics apamwamba, AI, ndi kuphunzira pamakina kuti adziwe zambiri, kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito, ndikupanga zokumana nazo zamakasitomala. Komabe, amakumananso ndi zovuta kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo, kuteteza zinthu zaluntha, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zolumikizirana zikuchulukirachulukira. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani angafunikire kuwunikiranso njira zawo ndi machitidwe awo kuti akhalebe opikisana m'malo omwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumasintha mwachangu mayendedwe amsika ndi zomwe ogula amayembekezera.

Maboma amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonza zovuta za tchipisi izi kudzera mu ndondomeko ndi malamulo. Angafunike kuyika ndalama m'maphunziro ndi zomangamanga kuti athandizire kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zingachitike pantchito komanso kuyanjana kwa anthu. Ndondomeko ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera zovuta zaukadaulo pachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, kupikisana kwachuma, komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe. Komabe, kufulumira kwa kusintha kwaukadaulo kumabweretsa zovuta pazowongolera, zomwe zingavutike kuti zipitirire popanda kulepheretsa zatsopano kapena kulephera kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera komanso zachikhalidwe.

Zotsatira za neuromorphic chip

Zotsatira zazikulu za neuromorphic chip zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi pazida zamakompyuta, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi malo opangira data ndi zamagetsi zamunthu.
• Kufulumizitsa kafukufuku wa AI, kupangitsa kuti zidziwitso zachipatala zikhale zolondola komanso zanthawi yake.
• Kusintha kwa kachitidwe ka ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ntchito mu chitukuko cha neuromorphic chip komanso kuchepa kwa maudindo apakompyuta.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa maloboti anzeru komanso odziyimira pawokha pantchito, kusintha misika ya anthu ogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu zakumalo antchito.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa luso lapamwamba la makompyuta, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kugawanika kwa digito mu maphunziro ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri.
• Kupanga zida zamatawuni zanzeru, zolabadira bwino, kuwongolera moyo wamatauni komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu.
• Maboma akuwunikanso njira zachitetezo cha dziko kuti athe kuthana ndi kuthekera kowonjezereka kwa machitidwe a neuromorphic pakuwunika komanso chitetezo cha pa intaneti.
• Kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa tchipisi ta neuromorphic, kulimbikitsa maunyolo apadziko lonse lapansi ndi njira zopangira semiconductor.
• Ziwopsezo zachinsinsi zamunthu payekha chifukwa cha luso lapamwamba la zida za neuromorphic pakukonza deta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zolimba zotetezera deta.
• Kusintha kwa utsogoleri waukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi mayiko omwe akupanga ndalama mu kafukufuku wa neuromorphic akukhala ndi mpikisano muukadaulo komanso luso.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi computing ya neuromorphic ingasinthe bwanji momwe mumalumikizirana ndi zida zanu?
• Ndi maubwino ati azachilengedwe omwe mzinda wanu ungapindule potengera ukadaulo wa neuromorphic muzomangamanga zake?