Njira zofalitsira ma disinformation: Momwe ubongo wamunthu umalandidwira

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• October 4, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Mauthenga olakwika akufalikira kudzera munjira ngati Contagion Model ndi mapulogalamu obisika. Magulu ngati Ghostwriter amayang'ana NATO ndi asitikali aku US, pomwe AI imasokoneza malingaliro a anthu. Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhulupirira zinthu zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azikopeka ndi nkhani zabodza. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale makampeni ophatikizika a AI, malamulo amphamvu aboma, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mapulogalamu obisika ndi anthu ochita zinthu monyanyira, kukulitsa chitetezo chapaintaneti pazofalitsa, komanso maphunziro othana ndi mabodza.

Njira zofalitsira nkhani za disinformation

Njira zabodza ndi zida ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamasamba ochezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mliri wazikhulupiriro zabodza. Kupotoza zambiri kumeneku kwadzetsa kusamvetsetsana kwakukulu pamitu kuyambira chinyengo cha ovota mpaka ngati ziwawa zilidi zenizeni (monga kuwombera kusukulu ya pulayimale ya Sandy Hook) kapena ngati katemera ndi wotetezeka. Pomwe nkhani zabodza zikupitilira kugawidwa m'mapulatifomu osiyanasiyana, zapangitsa kuti anthu asakhulupirire kwambiri mabungwe ochezera monga owulutsa. Nthanthi imodzi ya mmene mauthenga osokeretsa amafalira imatchedwa Contagion Model, yozikidwa pa mmene mavairasi apakompyuta amagwirira ntchito. Maukonde amapangidwa ndi mfundo, zomwe zimayimira anthu, ndi m'mphepete, zomwe zimayimira maulalo ochezera. Lingaliro limabzalidwa mu "malingaliro" amodzi ndikufalikira pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana komanso kutengera maubwenzi.

Sizikuthandizira kuti ukadaulo komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu pakompyuta kumathandizira kupanga njira zabodza kukhala zothandiza kuposa kale. Chitsanzo ndi mapulogalamu otumizirana mameseji (EMA), omwe samangothandizira kugawana zidziwitso zabodza kwa omwe akulumikizana nawo komanso zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti makampani apulogalamu azitsata mauthenga omwe akugawidwa. Mwachitsanzo, magulu akumanja adasamutsira ku EMA pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Januware 2021 US Capitol chifukwa malo ochezera a pa TV ngati Twitter adawaletsa. Njira zowononga chidziwitso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zaposachedwa komanso zanthawi yayitali. Kupatula zisankho zomwe anthu okayikitsa omwe ali ndi mbiri yaupandu amapambana kudzera m'mafamu a troll, amatha kuchotsera anthu ochepa ndikuyambitsa zofalitsa zankhondo (mwachitsanzo, kuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine). 

Zosokoneza

Mu 2020, kampani yachitetezo ya FireEye idatulutsa lipoti lomwe likuwonetsa zoyeserera za gulu la obera lotchedwa Ghostwriter. Kuyambira Marichi 2017, ofalitsawa akhala akufalitsa mabodza, makamaka motsutsana ndi gulu lankhondo la North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) ndi asitikali aku US ku Poland ndi Baltics. Iwo asindikiza nkhani zabodza pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi mawebusayiti a pro-Russian. Ghostwriter nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowawa kwambiri: kuwononga makina oyendetsera zinthu (CMS) a masamba ankhani kuti atumize nkhani zawo. Gululo limagawa nkhani zake zabodza pogwiritsa ntchito maimelo abodza, zolemba zapa social media, komanso ma op-eds olembedwa ndi iwo pamasamba ena omwe amavomereza zomwe zili kuchokera kwa owerenga.

Njira ina yowonongera zidziwitso imagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ndi intelligence intelligence (AI) kusokoneza malingaliro a anthu pazama TV, monga "kulimbikitsa" otsatira media kudzera pa bots kapena kupanga ma troll account kuti atumize ndemanga zachidani. Akatswiri amatcha izi propaganda computational. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wa The New York Times adapeza kuti andale amagwiritsa ntchito imelo kufalitsa ma disinformation nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe anthu amazindikira. Ku US, onse awiri ali ndi mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito ma hyperbole mu maimelo awo kupita kumagulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kulimbikitsa kugawana zidziwitso zabodza. 

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe anthu amagwera pamakampeni abodza. 

• Choyamba, anthu ndi anthu ophunzira chikhalidwe ndipo amakonda kukhulupirira magwero awo chidziwitso monga abwenzi kapena achibale. Anthu amenewa nawonso amapeza nkhani zawo kuchokera kwa anzawo odalirika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthetsa vutoli. 
• Chachiwiri, anthu nthawi zambiri amalephera kuyang'ana zomwe amadya, makamaka ngati azolowera kupeza nkhani kuchokera kumalo amodzi (nthawi zambiri zachikhalidwe kapena malo omwe amakonda. nsanja monga Facebook kapena Twitter). Akawona mutu wamutu kapena chithunzi (komanso kungoyika chizindikiro) chomwe chimachirikiza zikhulupiriro zawo, nthawi zambiri samakayikira zowona za zonenazi (zingakhale zopusa bwanji). 
• Zipinda za Echo ndi zida zamphamvu zopangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimangopangitsa anthu okhala ndi zikhulupiriro zotsutsana kukhala mdani. Ubongo wamunthu umapangidwa molimba kuti upeze chidziwitso chothandizira malingaliro omwe alipo komanso kuchotsera zomwe zimatsutsana nazo.

Zotsatira zochulukira za njira zofalitsira zidziwitso

Zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha njira zomwe zimafalitsira chidziwitso cha disinformation zingaphatikizepo: 

• Makampani ambiri odziwika bwino mu AI ndi bots kuti athandize andale ndi ofalitsa nkhani zabodza kupeza otsatira ndi "kukhulupilika" kudzera m'makampeni anzeru abodza.
• Maboma akukakamizidwa kuti akhazikitse malamulo oletsa kufalitsa mauthenga ndi mabungwe kuti athane ndi minda yama troll ndi akatswiri odziwa zabodza.
• Kuchulukitsa kutsitsa kwa EMA kwamagulu ochita monyanyira omwe akufuna kufalitsa zabodza ndikuwononga mbiri.
• Makanema azama media omwe akupanga ndalama zogulira njira zotsika mtengo zachitetezo cha cybersecurity kuti aletse obera kuti asabzale nkhani zabodza pamakina awo. Mayankho atsopano a AI atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwongolera uku.
• Generative AI powered bots atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ochita zoyipa kuti apangitse zofalitsa zabodza komanso zofalitsa zofalitsa nkhani pamlingo waukulu.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mayunivesite ndi masukulu ammudzi kuti aphatikizire maphunziro odana ndi disinformation. 

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mumadziteteza bwanji ku njira zopha anthu?
• Nanga maboma ndi mabungwe angaletse bwanji kufalikira kwa njira zimenezi?