Chithandizo cha khansa yomwe ikubwera: Njira zapamwamba zothana ndi matenda oopsa

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 9, 2023

Ofufuza ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira chithandizo chatsopano cha khansa, kuphatikiza kusintha kwa majini ndi zinthu zina monga mafangasi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mankhwala ndi zithandizo zikhale zotsika mtengo komanso zowononga zochepa.

Nkhani zochizira khansa ya m'mawere

Mu 2021, Barcelona's Clinic Hospital idapeza chiwopsezo cha 60 peresenti ya odwala khansa; 75 peresenti ya odwala sanaone kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa ngakhale patapita chaka. Chithandizo cha ARI 0002h chimagwira ntchito potenga ma T cell a wodwalayo, kuwapanga kuti azindikire bwino maselo a khansa, ndikuwabweretsanso mthupi la wodwalayo.

M'chaka chomwecho, ofufuza a University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) adakwanitsanso kupanga chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito maselo a T omwe sali enieni kwa odwala-angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa alumali. Ngakhale sayansi sichidziwika bwino chifukwa chake chitetezo cha mthupi sichinawononge maselo a T opangidwa ndi labu (omwe amadziwika kuti maselo a HSC-iNKT), mayeso pa mbewa zowotchedwa adawonetsa kuti maphunzirowo anali opanda chotupa ndipo adatha kukhalabe ndi moyo. Maselo adasungabe zotupa zawo zopha chotupa ngakhale atazizira komanso kusungunuka, kupha khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya melanoma, khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ya prostate, ndi ma cell angapo a myeloma mu vitro. Mayesero sanapatsidwebe pa anthu.

Panthawiyi, yunivesite ya Oxford ndi kampani ya biopharmaceutical NuCana inagwira ntchito yopanga NUC-7738-mankhwala othandiza nthawi 40 kuposa bowa wa makolo ake-Cordyceps Sinensis-pochotsa maselo a khansa. Mankhwala opezeka mu bowa wa makolo, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achi China, amapha maselo odana ndi khansa koma amawonongeka mwachangu m'magazi. Mwa kulumikiza magulu amankhwala omwe amawola akafika ku maselo a khansa, moyo wa nucleosides mkati mwa magazi umatalika.   

Zosokoneza 

Ngati machiritso a khansa omwe akubwerawa apambana pamayesero aumunthu, atha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zanthawi yayitali. Choyamba, mankhwalawa amatha kusintha kwambiri chiwopsezo cha kupulumuka kwa khansa komanso chiwopsezo cha chikhululukiro. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala opangidwa ndi T-cell angapangitse njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi khansa pogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi. Chachiwiri, mankhwalawa angayambitsenso njira zatsopano zothandizira odwala omwe poyamba sanagwirizane ndi mankhwala a khansa. Chithandizo cha ma cell a T-shelf, mwachitsanzo, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala osiyanasiyana, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa khansa yawo.

Chachitatu, uinjiniya wa majini komanso ma cell a T omwe sali pashelufu pamankhwala awa atha kupangitsanso kuti munthu azitha kulandira chithandizo cha khansa, pomwe chithandizo chitha kukhala chogwirizana ndi chibadwa cha khansa ya wodwala. Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungathandizenso kuchepetsa mtengo wamankhwala a khansa pochepetsa kufunikira kwa ma chemotherapy okwera mtengo komanso ma radiation. 

Zina mwa maphunzirowa ndi chithandizochi zimathandizidwanso ndi anthu, zomwe zingawapangitse kuti azipezeka kwa anthu opanda makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito ngati alonda amtengo. Kuchulukitsa kwandalama m'gawoli kudzalimbikitsa mgwirizano wambiri ku yunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti apeze njira zina zochizira khansa, kuphatikiza uinjiniya wa majini ndi thupi-in-a-chip.

Zotsatira za chithandizo cha khansa yomwe ikubwera

Zotsatira zazikulu za chithandizo cha khansa zomwe zikubwera zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kupulumuka kwa khansa ndi ziwopsezo zakukhululukidwa pamlingo wa anthu.
• Matendawa amasintha kwa odwala, omwe ali ndi mwayi wochira.
• Kugwirizana kowonjezereka komwe kumabweretsa ukadaulo wa asayansi ndi ochita kafukufuku m'masukulu ndi zothandizira ndi ndalama zamabizinesi asayansi.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa uinjiniya wama genetic pazochizirazi kumabweretsa ndalama zowonjezera za zida zosinthira ma genetic monga CRISPR. Kukula kumeneku kungapangitse kuti pakhale njira zochiritsira zatsopano zogwirizana ndi chibadwa cha khansa ya wodwala aliyense.
• Kafukufuku wochulukirapo pakuphatikiza ukadaulo ndi machiritso, kuphatikiza ma microchips omwe amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a cell kuti adzichiritse.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Ndi mfundo ziti zamakhalidwe zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga mankhwala atsopanowa a khansa?
• Kodi njira zina zochiritsirazi zingakhudze bwanji kafukufuku wa matenda ena oopsa?