Silicon nationalism: Tchipisi ta semiconductor zili pagome landale

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 2, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Pamene mayiko akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa mafakitale awo a semiconductor, akufuna kuteteza tsogolo lawo laukadaulo komanso ufulu wawo pazachuma. Kusunthaku, motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kochepetsera chiwopsezo pazantchito zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikutsimikizira utsogoleri waukadaulo, kwapangitsa mayiko kuchita mabiliyoni ambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga zatsopano. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha dziko, kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito, ndikuyang'ana zovuta za ubale wapadziko lonse ndi mpikisano wamsika poyang'anizana ndi mavuto omwe akuchulukirachulukira pakati pa mayiko.

Silicon nationalism nkhani

Silicon nationalism ndi njira yoyendetsera mayiko kuti alimbikitse mafakitale awo a semiconductor, pozindikira gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe zigawozi zimagwira muukadaulo wamakono, chitetezo cha dziko, komanso kupikisana pazachuma. Mwachitsanzo, EU ndi US akufuna kukulitsa luso lawo lopanga ma semiconductor ndi utsogoleri waukadaulo, pomwe Japan ikufuna kukonzanso makampani ake omwe adakhalapo kale. Kudzipereka kwa EU, kudzera mu European Chips Act, kuphatikizira kulimbikitsa ndalama zokwana $46.5 biliyoni kuti ziwonjezere msika wapadziko lonse lapansi kufika pa 20 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2030, kuthana ndi kuchepa kwaposachedwa komwe kunawonetsa kufooka kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Ku US, bungwe la Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) ndi Science Act likuyimira kudzipereka kwakukulu kwachuma kwa $ 52.7 biliyoni kulimbikitsa kupanga tchipisi tapakhomo, ndicholinga chochepetsa kuchepa kuchoka pa 37 peresenti padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za m'ma 1990 kufika pa 12 peresenti yokha. mu 2023. Pakali pano, njira ya Japan kudzera mu Economic Security Promotion Act ikuphatikizapo ndondomeko yopezera ndalama za boma ndi mabungwe, ndikuyika ndalama zokwana $ 66.5 trilioni pazaka khumi. Izi ndi gawo la njira zambiri zaku Japan zopezeranso utsogoleri wamakampani opanga ma semiconductor. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kulandira ndalama za TSMC zochokera ku Taiwan m'dzikoli, kusonyeza kuyesayesa kwakukulu kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe a dziko lonse lapansi opanga ma semiconductor.

Kuyesetsa kogwirizana kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuzindikira kokulirapo kufunikira kwaukadaulo kwa ma semiconductors, motsogozedwa ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa mkangano wa US-China wokhudzana ndi luso laukadaulo la semiconductor komanso luso lopanga. Mkangano wa geopolitical wadzetsa zilango ndi njira zotsutsana nazo, ndikuwunikira ntchito yamakampani opanga ma semiconductor ngati bwalo lomenyera nkhondo zaukadaulo ndi zachuma. Ndondomeko ya dziko lililonse, kaya kudzera mu ndalama zachindunji, kuchitapo kanthu mwalamulo, kapena mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kudzidalira kwa semiconductor monga mwala wapangodya wa chitetezo cha dziko ndi mfundo zachuma. 

Zosokoneza

Kusintha kwadziko pakudzidalira pakupanga ma semiconductor kungalimbikitse kwambiri chuma cham'deralo ndi misika yantchito. Maiko omwe akupanga ndalama zambiri popanga ma semiconductor apanyumba apanga mwayi wambiri wopeza ntchito, kuyambira paukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri mpaka maudindo m'magawo operekera zinthu m'magawo ndi mafakitale othandizira. Komabe, kuyang'ana kwambiri zopanga zapakhomo kungapangitse mitengo yokwera chifukwa cha ndalama zoyambira zomwe zimafunikira komanso zokwera mtengo zogwirira ntchito kuposa malo opangira zinthu, zomwe zitha kuperekedwa kwa ogula ngati katundu wamagetsi okwera mtengo.

Mabungwe akhoza kupindula ndi maunyolo okhazikika komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka, zomwe zakhala zikudetsa nkhawa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kukhazikika kumeneku kungapangitse kulinganiza zodziwikiratu ndikuyika ndalama muzatsopano, kulola makampani kuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi ntchito. Kumbali inayi, mabizinesi atha kukumana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zopangira zinthu komanso kufunikira kotsata malamulo adziko lonse ndi zolimbikitsa, zomwe zitha kusokoneza ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikubweretsa phindu.

Maboma atenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukonza tsogolo lamakampani opanga ma semiconductor kudzera mu ndondomeko zawo ndi mapangano a mayiko. Polimbikitsa chilengedwe chomwe chimapangitsa kupanga semiconductor, sangateteze luso lawo laukadaulo komanso kudziyika ngati omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, kukankhira ufulu wa semiconductor kungapangitse mikangano ndi zolepheretsa zamalonda pamene mayiko akupikisana kuti akhale olamulira mu gawo lovutali. 

Zotsatira za silicon nationalism

Zotsatira zazikulu za silicon nationalism zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wapadziko lonse wamakampani akunyumba kudzera mumayendedwe odalirika a semiconductor, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika uchuluke komanso ndalama zomwe amapeza.
• Maboma akutenga mfundo zopezera zida za semiconductor, zomwe zitha kubweretsa mikangano pakati pa mayiko pankhani yopezera zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
• Kusintha kwaukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zama semiconductor, zomwe zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndikupita patsogolo ku zolinga zosamalira zachilengedwe.
• Kukula kwa malo opangira ma semiconductor kumabweretsa kusintha kwa anthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu akulowera kumadera omwe ali ndi mafakitale aukadaulo omwe akukula.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi pa semiconductor R&D kupititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazaumoyo, mayendedwe, ndi kulumikizana.
• Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pa kafukufuku wa semiconductor ndi chitukuko kukhala chodziwika bwino, kulimbikitsa kusinthana kwa chidziwitso cha malire ndi luso.
• Zovuta zomwe zingachitike pazachilengedwe zokhudzana ndi kupanga ma semiconductor, monga kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi zinyalala za mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi kuchuluka kwa kupanga ma semiconductor m'dziko lanu kungakhudze bwanji kupezeka ndi mtengo wazinthu zamakono zamakono monga mafoni a m'manja ndi makompyuta?
• Kodi anthu amdera lanu angakonzekere bwanji mwayi wantchito wopangidwa ndi makampani opanga ma semiconductor omwe akukulirakulira?