Mafamu oyandama adzuwa: Tsogolo lamphamvu yadzuwa

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• August 2, 2023

Kuzindikira kwakukulu

Zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi zikufuna kukhala ndi akaunti yamphamvu yongowonjezwdwdwanso pa 95 peresenti ya kukula kwa magetsi pofika chaka cha 2025. Mafamu oyandama a Solar PV (FSFs) akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira, makamaka ku Asia, kukulitsa kupanga magetsi adzuwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito malo ofunikira, kupereka zambiri kwanthawi yayitali- mapindu anthawi yake monga kulenga ntchito, kusunga madzi, ndi luso laukadaulo. Chitukukochi chikhoza kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pazochitika za mphamvu zapadziko lonse, kuchokera ku kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko chifukwa cha kudalira pang'ono pa mafuta oyaka mafuta kupita ku kusintha kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kupyolera mu kupulumutsa ndalama ndi kupanga ntchito.

Mafamu oyandama a dzuwa

Pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi mpweya wotenthetsa dziko lapansi, zolinga zakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse zoonetsetsa kuti mitundu yatsopano ya mphamvu zongowonjezereka ingathe kupereka mpaka 95 peresenti ya kukula kwa magetsi a padziko lonse pofika chaka cha 2025. Kupanga mphamvu zatsopano zadzuwa kukuyembekezeka kukhala gwero lalikulu la Izi, malinga ndi International Energy Agency (IEA). Choncho, kukhazikitsa magetsi atsopano a dzuwa, mothandizidwa ndi ndalama zothandizira zachilengedwe, zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri m'tsogolomu. 

Komabe, kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa kumachitika makamaka pamtunda ndipo imafalikira. Koma, magetsi a dzuwa omwe amayandama pamadzi akukhala ofala, makamaka ku Asia. Mwachitsanzo, Dezhou Dingzhuang FSF, malo a 320 megawati m'chigawo cha Shandong ku China, adakhazikitsidwa kuti achepetse mpweya wa carbon ku Dezhou. Mzindawu, wokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 5 miliyoni ndipo nthawi zambiri umatchedwa kuti Solar Valley, akuti umalandira pafupifupi 98 peresenti ya mphamvu zake kuchokera kudzuwa.

Pakadali pano, dziko la South Korea likuyesetsa kupanga chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukhala fakitole yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yoyandama yamagetsi adzuwa. Ntchitoyi, yomwe ili ku Saemangeum tidal flats m’mphepete mwa nyanja chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, ikwanitsa kupanga magigawati 2.1 a magetsi. Malinga ndi tsamba lazamagetsi la Power Technology, mphamvuyo ndi yokwanira nyumba 1 miliyoni. Ku Europe, Portugal ili ndi FSF yayikulu kwambiri, yokhala ndi ma solar 12,000 komanso kukula kwake kofanana ndi mabwalo anayi a mpira.

Zosokoneza

Mafamu oyandama adzuwa amapereka zabwino zambiri kwanthawi yayitali zomwe zingasinthe kwambiri mphamvu zamtsogolo. Mafamuwa amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri mabwalo amadzi, monga malo osungira madzi, madamu opangira magetsi amadzi, kapena nyanja zopangidwa ndi anthu, kumene chitukuko cha nthaka sichingatheke. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza kusunga malo ofunika kwa ntchito zina, monga ulimi, pamene kukulitsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Ndizothandiza makamaka m'madera omwe muli anthu ambiri kapena madera omwe mulibe malo. Kuonjezera apo, zinthu zoyandamazi zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi, kuteteza madzi ku nthawi ya chilala. 

Kuphatikiza apo, ma FSF atha kuthandizira pazachuma zakomweko. Atha kupanga ntchito popanga, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza. Komanso mindayi imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi kwa anthu ammudzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amapereka mwayi wopanga zinthu zatsopano komanso chitukuko chaukadaulo, kuyambira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito mpaka kukulitsa njira zoyandama komanso zoyikira. 

Mayiko apitiliza kupanga ma FSF okulirapo pomwe ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, kupereka ntchito zambiri komanso magetsi otsika mtengo. Kafukufuku wa Fairfield Market Research, wokhazikitsidwa ku London, akuwonetsa kuti pofika Meyi 2023, 73 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimapangidwa ndi solar yoyandama zimachokera ku Asia, zomwe zikutsogolera msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, lipotilo likuneneratu kuti chifukwa cha mfundo zolimbikitsa ku North America ndi Europe, maderawa awona kukula kwakukulu m'gawoli.

Zotsatira za minda yoyandama ya dzuwa

Zotsatira zambiri za FSFs zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kuchepetsa mtengo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamitengo yaukadaulo wa solar komanso kusowa kofunikira kogula malo. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupereka ndalama zatsopano kwa eni ake amadzi.
• Mayiko omwe atha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo pamafuta oyambira pansi komanso mayiko omwe amatumiza kunja, zomwe zitha kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
• Madera akukhala odzidalira popanga magetsi m'dera lanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka kungayambitse chikhalidwe choganizira zachilengedwe, kulimbikitsa machitidwe okhazikika.
• Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa photovoltaic, kusungirako mphamvu, ndi zomangamanga za grid kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yabwino komanso yokhazikika yamagetsi.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo wamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa komanso kufunikira kocheperako m'magawo amphamvu achikhalidwe. Kusintha uku kungafune kuphunzitsidwanso mapulogalamu ndi maphunziro a mphamvu zobiriwira.
• Nsomba zikukhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi kapena kulowa kwa kuwala. Komabe, pokonzekera bwino ndi kuunika kwa chilengedwe, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo mafamuwa amatha kupanga malo atsopano a mbalame ndi zamoyo zam'madzi.
• Kukhazikitsa kwakukulu kumathandiza kuyendetsa bwino madzi. Pochepetsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi, amatha kusunga madzi ambiri, makamaka m'madera omwe kugwa chilala.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi dziko lanu lili ndi minda yoyandama yoyendera dzuwa? Kodi zikusamalidwa bwanji?
• Kodi mayiko angalimbikitse bwanji kukula kwa ma FSF awa?