Kulankhulana muubongo ndi ubongo: Kodi kuyankhulana kungathe kufikira?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 27, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo kungachititse kuti malingaliro ndi zochita zitumizidwe mwachindunji pakati pa anthu popanda kulankhula. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kusintha kwambiri maphunziro, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi njira zankhondo pothandizira kusamutsa mwachindunji luso ndi chidziwitso. Zotsatira zake ndi zazikulu, kuyambira kukonzanso kuyanjana kwa anthu mpaka kupanga zovuta zamalamulo ndi zamakhalidwe, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa momwe timalankhulirana ndi kuphunzira.

Kuyankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo

Kulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo kumathandizira kugawana chidziwitso pakati paubongo uwiri popanda kufunikira kolankhula kapena kulumikizana. Pakatikati pa teknolojiyi ndi mawonekedwe a ubongo-kompyuta (BCI), njira yomwe imathandizira njira yolumikizirana yolunjika pakati pa ubongo ndi chipangizo chakunja. Ma BCI amatha kuwerenga ndikumasulira zizindikiro zaubongo kukhala malamulo, kulola kuwongolera makompyuta kapena ma prosthetics kudzera muzochita zaubongo.

Njirayi imayamba ndi kujambula zizindikiro za ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito kapu ya electroencephalogram (EEG) kapena maelekitirodi oikidwa. Zizindikirozi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku malingaliro enieni kapena zochita zomwe akufuna, zimasinthidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa munthu wina. Kutumiza kumeneku kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa zigawo zaubongo kuti zipangenso uthenga womwe akufuna kapena kuchita muubongo wa wolandirayo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akhoza kuganiza za kusuntha dzanja, lomwe lingathe kufalikira ku ubongo wa munthu wina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzanja lawo lisunthe.

Bungwe la US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) likuyesa kulankhulana muubongo ndi ubongo monga gawo la kafukufuku wawo wokhudza sayansi ya ubongo ndi sayansi ya ubongo. Mayesowa ndi gawo la pulogalamu yofuna kupanga matekinoloje omwe amathandizira kusamutsa deta mwachindunji pakati paubongo wamunthu ndi makina. Njira ya DARPA ikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba za neural ndi ma aligorivimu apamwamba kumasulira zochitika za neural mu data yomwe ubongo wina ungamvetsetse ndikugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zingathe kusintha njira zankhondo, luntha, ndi kulumikizana.

Zosokoneza

Njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe zitha kusinthika kwambiri m'malo omwe kusinthana kwachindunji kwa maluso ndi chidziwitso ndikotheka. Ophunzira, mwachitsanzo, atha 'kutsitsa' malingaliro ovuta a masamu kapena luso lachilankhulo, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yophunzira. Kusintha kumeneku kungapangitse kuunikanso kachitidwe ka maphunziro ndi udindo wa aphunzitsi, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuganiza mozama ndi kutanthauzira m'malo mongophunzira pamutu.

Kwa mabizinesi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zambiri, makamaka m'magawo omwe amafunikira ukatswiri wapamwamba kapena kulumikizana. Makampani atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wamagulu, kulola kusamutsa malingaliro ndi njira popanda kutanthauzira molakwika. M'mafakitale monga chisamaliro chaumoyo, madokotala amatha kugawana nzeru ndi machitidwe mwachindunji, kupititsa patsogolo kusamutsa luso komanso kuchepetsa zolakwika. Komabe, izi zimabweretsanso zovuta pakusunga luntha komanso kuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha zidziwitso zamakampani.

Maboma ndi opanga mfundo amatha kukumana ndi zovuta pakuwongolera ndikuwongolera zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu paukadaulowu. Nkhani zachinsinsi ndi chilolezo zimakhala zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kuthekera kofikira ndi kukopa malingaliro kumasokoneza malingaliro abwino. Malamulo angafunike kusintha kuti ateteze anthu ku kulumikizana kosaloledwa ndi ubongo ndi ubongo ndikutanthauzira malire akugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pachitetezo cha dziko ndi ukazembe, pomwe zokambirana zaubongo ndi ubongo kapena kukambirana kungapereke njira zatsopano zothetsera mikangano kapena kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Zotsatira za kulumikizana kwa ubongo ndi ubongo

Zotsatira zazikulu za kulumikizana kwaubongo ndi ubongo zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo njira zotsitsimutsa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakulankhula kapena kuyenda, kukulitsa luso lawo lolankhulana komanso kucheza ndi dziko lowazungulira.
• Zosintha zamalamulo kuti zithetse zinsinsi ndi zilolezo pakulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chamalingaliro amunthu payekha komanso chidziwitso chamunthu.
• Kusintha mumsika wa zosangalatsa, ndi mitundu yatsopano ya zochitika zomwe zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi ubongo ndi ubongo, kusintha momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu.
• Kusintha kwa msika wa ogwira ntchito, ndi luso lapadera lomwe limakhala locheperako ngati kusamutsa chidziwitso chachindunji kumatheka, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kuchotsedwa ntchito m'magawo ena.
• Zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakutsatsa ndi kutsatsa, popeza makampani amatha kukhudza mwachindunji zomwe ogula amakonda komanso zisankho kudzera mukulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo.
• Kupanga njira zatsopano zochiritsira ndi upangiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwaubongo ndi ubongo kuti amvetsetse ndikuchiza matenda amisala bwino.
• Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi maubwenzi, monga kulankhulana kwa ubongo ndi ubongo kungasinthe momwe anthu amachitira, kumvetsetsa, ndi kumverana chisoni wina ndi mzake.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi kulankhulana kwaubongo ndi ubongo kungatanthauze bwanji zinsinsi zaumwini ndi chitetezo cha malingaliro athu mu nthawi ya digito?
• Kodi ukadaulo uwu ungasinthe bwanji kusintha kwa kuphunzira ndi kugwira ntchito, makamaka pankhani yopezera luso komanso kusamutsa chidziwitso?