Mankhwala a DIY: Kupandukira Big Pharma

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Mankhwala a DIY: Kupandukira Big Pharma

Mankhwala a DIY: Kupandukira Big Pharma

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Do-it-yourself (DIY) mankhwala ndi gulu lomwe likuyendetsedwa ndi anthu ena asayansi akutsutsa kukwera kwamitengo "kopanda chilungamo" komwe kumayikidwa pamankhwala opulumutsa moyo ndi makampani akuluakulu opanga mankhwala.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • June 16, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Mitengo yamankhwala yokwera kwambiri ikukakamiza anthu asayansi ndi azaumoyo kuti achitepo kanthu mwa kupanga mankhwala otsika mtengo. Gulu lamankhwala la DIY ili likugwedeza makampani opanga mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa makampani akuluakulu kuganiziranso njira zawo zamtengo wapatali ndikulimbikitsa maboma kuganizira za ndondomeko zatsopano zachipatala. Izi sizikungopangitsa kuti chithandizo chizipezeka kwa odwala komanso kutsegulira zitseko zamabizinesi aukadaulo ndi oyambitsa kuti athandizire kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikika kwa odwala.

    Nkhani ya mankhwala a DIY

    Kukwera kwamitengo yamankhwala ovuta komanso chithandizo chamankhwala kwapangitsa mamembala asayansi ndi azaumoyo kupanga mankhwalawa (ngati kuli kotheka) kuti thanzi la wodwala lisayikidwe pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha ndalama. M’bungwe la European Union (EU), zipatala zimatha kupanga mankhwala enaake ngati zitsatira malamulo enieni.

    Komabe, ngati zipatala zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka kutulutsa mankhwala chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo, akuti akuyang'anizana ndi kuwunika kowonjezereka kuchokera kwa oyang'anira zaumoyo, oyang'anira amakhala tcheru kuzinthu zonyansa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2019, owongolera adaletsa kupanga CDCA ku Yunivesite ya Amsterdam chifukwa cha zinthu zonyansa. Komabe, mu 2021, a Dutch Competition Authority adapereka chindapusa cha $ 20.5 miliyoni kwa Leadiant, wopanga wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi wa CDCA, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika msika wake pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamtengo wapatali.   

    Kafukufuku wa 2018 ku Yale School of Medicine adapeza kuti m'modzi mwa odwala anayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin chifukwa cha mtengo wa mankhwalawa, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa impso, matenda a shuga a retinopathy, komanso kufa. Ku United States, Baltimore Underground Science Space idakhazikitsa Open Insulin Project mu 2015 kuti ifananize njira yopanga insulin m'makampani akuluakulu opanga mankhwala potsutsana ndi kukwera mitengo kwamitengo yamakampani. Ntchito ya pulojekitiyi imalola odwala matenda a shuga kugula insulini kwa USD $ 7 vial, kutsika kwakukulu pamtengo wake wamsika wa 2022 pakati pa USD $25 ndi $300 pa vial (msika kutengera). 

    Zosokoneza

    Kukwera kwa mankhwala a DIY, mothandizidwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa magulu a anthu, mayunivesite, ndi opanga mankhwala odziyimira pawokha, zitha kukhudza kwambiri njira zamitengo zamakampani akuluakulu azamankhwala. Mgwirizanowu cholinga chake ndi kupanga mankhwala a matenda oopsa pamtengo wotsika mtengo, kutsutsa mitengo yokwera yokhazikitsidwa ndi opanga mankhwala akuluakulu. Makampeni apagulu olimbana ndi makampani akuluwa atha kukulirakulira. Poyankha, makampaniwa atha kukakamizidwa kutsitsa mitengo yawo yamankhwala kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti akweze mbiri yawo pagulu, monga kuyika ndalama m'njira zothandizira anthu ammudzi.

    Pazandale, machitidwe azachipatala a DIY atha kulimbikitsa maboma kuunikanso mfundo zawo zachipatala. Magulu a anthu atha kupempha thandizo la boma popanga mankhwala amderali kuti achepetse kuopsa kwa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya komanso kulimbitsa mphamvu zachipatala. Kusunthaku kungapangitse malamulo atsopano omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga mankhwala ofunikira m'nyumba, kuchepetsa kudalira kwa ogulitsa mayiko. Opanga malamulo angaganizirenso zokhazikitsa malamulo okhazikitsa mtengo wokwera wa mankhwala enaake, kuwapangitsa kuti azifikirika kwa anthu wamba.

    Pamene mankhwala akukhala okwera mtengo komanso opangidwa komweko, odwala atha kupeza kukhala kosavuta kutsatira ndondomeko yamankhwala, kukonza thanzi la anthu onse. Makampani omwe ali m'magawo ena osati azamankhwala, monga makampani aukadaulo omwe amagwira ntchito pazaumoyo kapena zida zowunikira matenda, atha kupeza mipata yatsopano yogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi zoyeserera zamankhwala za DIY. Chitukuko ichi chikhoza kutsogolera njira yowonjezereka komanso yokhazikika ya odwala kuchipatala, kumene anthu ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera komanso zosankha za chithandizo chawo.

    Zotsatira zakukula kwamakampani opanga mankhwala a DIY 

    Zotsatira zazikulu za mankhwala a DIY zingaphatikizepo: 

    • Akuluakulu opanga insulini, monga Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, ndi Sanofi, amachepetsa mitengo ya insulin, motero amachepetsa malire awo a phindu. 
    • Makampani akuluakulu azamankhwala akulimbikitsa maboma a boma ndi feduro kuti azilamulira mwamphamvu (ndi kuletsa) kupanga mankhwala osankhidwa ndi mabungwe omwe si amakampani azamankhwala azikhalidwe.
    • Kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana (monga matenda a shuga) kumapezeka mosavuta m'madera omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino m'maderawa.  
    • Kuchulukitsa chidwi ndi kugulitsa zida zopangira mankhwala kumagulu a anthu ndi makampani odziyimira pawokha opanga mankhwala. 
    • Zoyamba zatsopano zaukadaulo zachipatala zikukhazikitsidwa makamaka kuti zichepetse mtengo ndi zovuta zopangira mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
    • Kuchulukitsa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe odziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chademokalase.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti mtengo wa insulini uyenera kuyendetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi? 
    • Ndi kuipa kotani komwe kungachitike kuti mankhwala enaake opangidwa m'derali motsutsana ndi makampani akuluakulu opanga mankhwala? 

    Maumboni anzeru

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