Kutha kwa chithandizo chamafuta: Palibenso bajeti yamafuta oyambira

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 18, 2023

Ndalama zamafuta ndi gasi ndizolimbikitsa zachuma zomwe zimatsitsa mwachinyengo mtengo wamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa kwa ogula. Ndondomeko yaboma yofalikira iyi ingapatutse ndalama kuchoka ku matekinoloje obiriwira, kulepheretsa kusintha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika. Pamene nkhawa yokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ikukulirakulirabe, maboma ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ayamba kuganiziranso za kufunika kwa thandizo la mafuta otsalirawa, makamaka chifukwa umisiri wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso ukupita patsogolo mwachangu.

Kumapeto kwa gawo lothandizira mafuta

Bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ndi bungwe lasayansi lomwe limafufuza momwe nyengo ilili ndikupereka malingaliro amomwe angachepetsere zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Komabe, pakhala kusagwirizana pakati pa asayansi ndi maboma pankhani yofulumira kuchitapo kanthu pothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngakhale asayansi ambiri amatsutsa kuti kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga n’kofunika kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, maboma ena akuimbidwa mlandu wochedwetsa kuchotsa mafuta oyaka mafuta ndi kuikapo ndalama pa matekinoloje ochotsa mpweya amene sanayesedwe.

Maboma ambiri ayankha kudzudzulaku pochepetsa ndalama zothandizira mafuta oyaka. Mwachitsanzo, boma la Canada lidadzipereka mu Marichi 2022 kuti lithetse ndalama zothandizira mafuta opangira mafuta, zomwe ziphatikizanso kuchepetsa misonkho ndikuthandizira makampaniwo. M’malo mwake, boma likukonza zoti likhazikitse ndalama zogulira ntchito zobiriwira, zopangira magetsi ongowonjezwdwa, komanso nyumba zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Dongosololi silidzangochepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni komanso kulenga ntchito zatsopano komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma.

Mofananamo, maiko a G7 azindikiranso kufunika kochepetsera ndalama zothandizira mafuta oyaka. Kuchokera mu 2016, alonjeza kuti athetseratu zothandizira izi pofika chaka cha 2025. Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi sitepe yofunika, malonjezanowa sanapite patali kuti athetse vutoli mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, malonjezowo sanaphatikizepo thandizo la mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi, omwenso amathandizira kwambiri pakutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni. Kuphatikiza apo, thandizo loperekedwa ku chitukuko chamafuta akunja akunja silinayankhidwe, zomwe zingalepheretse kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi.

Zosokoneza 

Kuyitanitsa zochita zokonzekera komanso zowonekera bwino kuchokera kwa asayansi ndi anthu zitha kukakamiza G7 kuti ikhale yowona kudzipereka kwake. Ngati chithandizo chamakampani opangira mafuta opangira mafuta chithetsedwa bwino, padzakhala kusintha kwakukulu pamsika wantchito. Pamene makampani akucheperachepera, ogwira ntchito m'gawo lamafuta ndi gasi adzakumana ndi kutayika kwa ntchito kapena kusowa, kutengera nthawi yosinthira. Komabe, izi zidzaperekanso mwayi wopanga ntchito zatsopano m'magawo obiriwira, zoyendera, ndi magetsi, zomwe zidzadzetse mwayi wopeza ntchito. Pofuna kuthandizira kusinthaku, maboma atha kusamutsa ndalama zothandizira mafakitalewa kuti alimbikitse kukula kwawo.

Ngati chithandizo chamakampani opangira mafuta opangira mafuta chikathetsedwa, sizingakhale bwino pazachuma kutsata ntchito yokonza mapaipi ndi kubowola m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mchitidwewu ukhoza kupangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha mapulojekiti otere chichepe, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ntchitozi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa mapaipi ndi ntchito zobowola kungatanthauze mwayi wocheperako wa mafuta otayira komanso masoka ena achilengedwe, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pazachilengedwe komanso nyama zakuthengo. Kukula kumeneku kungapindulitse madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo makamaka, monga madera omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe kapena m'malo otetezedwa ndi zachilengedwe.

Zotsatira za kutha kwa thandizo la mafuta

Zotsatira zazikulu za kutha kwa thandizo la mafuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchulukitsa mgwirizano pakati pa maphwando apadziko lonse ndi mayiko ndi maboma kuti achepetse kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon.
• Ndalama zowonjezera zilipo zopangira ndalama zopangira zobiriwira komanso mapulojekiti.
• Big Oil kusiyanitsa ndalama zake kuti ziphatikizepo mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ndi magawo ena okhudzana nawo. 
• Mwayi wochuluka wa ntchito m'gawo lazamagetsi komanso kugawa koma kutayika kwakukulu kwa ntchito m'mizinda kapena madera omwe ali ndi mafuta.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wamagetsi kwa ogula, makamaka m'kanthawi kochepa, pamene msika ukukonzekera kuchotsa zothandizira.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwazovuta zamayiko pomwe mayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chodalira mafuta akufuna kusintha kusintha kwamisika yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
• Zatsopano zochulukirachulukira pakusungirako mphamvu ndi matekinoloje ogawa monga magwero amagetsi ongowonjezwdwa akuwonekera kwambiri.
• Kuchulukitsa ndalama m'njira zapagulu ndi njira zina zoyendera, kuchepetsa kudalira magalimoto amunthu komanso kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa magalimoto.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa maboma kuti akwaniritse malonjezo awo otulutsa mpweya.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Poganizira motsutsa, kodi mukuganiza kuti ndalama zothandizira ntchito za Big Oil zili ndi phindu pazachuma chambiri?
• Kodi maboma angatani kuti afulumire kusinthira ku magetsi ongowonjezereka?