Ndondomeko yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri: Kudzipereka kwapadziko lonse pakuchepetsa ziuno

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 26, 2021

Kukhazikitsa mfundo zogwira mtima za kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kupititsa patsogolo thanzi komanso kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti azisankha mwanzeru, pomwe makampani amatha kupanga malo othandizira omwe amathandizira kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso zokolola. Maboma amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pokhazikitsa mfundo zomwe zimayang'anira kugulitsa zakudya, kukonza zolemba zazakudya, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti pali mwayi wopeza zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mfundo zapadziko lonse zokhuza kunenepa kwambiri zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama zothandizira kuchepetsa thupi, nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa zaumoyo.

Ndondomeko yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri

Kunenepa kwambiri kukuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikubweretsa mavuto azachuma komanso thanzi. Oposa 70 peresenti ya achikulire omwe ali m'mayiko opeza ndalama zochepa kapena apakati ndi onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa 2016 ndi World Bank Group. Komanso, mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. 

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza, vuto la kunenepa kwambiri limasamutsidwa kupita kumadera akumidzi a mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati. Kumadera akumidzi kumapangitsa pafupifupi 55 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa kunenepa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo South East Asia, Latin America, Central Asia, ndi North Africa ndi pafupifupi 80 kapena 90 peresenti ya kusintha kwaposachedwa.

Komanso, anthu okhala m'mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati amakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda osapatsirana (NCDs) pomwe BMI yawo ili yoposa 25 (yotchedwa onenepa) pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu ndi epigenetic. Choncho, kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana kumavulaza kwambiri, kumawaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ma NCDs ofooketsa adakali aang'ono ndikukhala nawo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso zachuma. 

Mapepala aposachedwa asayansi ofalitsidwa mu The Lancet akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa kuchiza kunenepa kwambiri, kusintha zakudya ndi kachitidwe ka zakudya n’kofunikanso kwambiri pothana ndi kukwera kwa mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo ndi vuto losalekeza la kusoŵa kwa zakudya m’thupi kwa ana. Banki Yadziko Lonse ndi mabungwe ena achitukuko ali ndi mwayi wapadera wothandiza makasitomala omwe ali m'mayiko otsika, apakati, komanso omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri poyendetsa kampeni yodziwitsa anthu za kufunika kwa zakudya zabwino. 

Zosokoneza

Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zogwira mtima za kunenepa kwambiri kungapangitse zotsatira za thanzi labwino komanso moyo wapamwamba. Polimbikitsa kudya moyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, anthu amatha kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, monga matenda osatha komanso olumala. Kuphatikiza apo, mfundozi zitha kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti azitha kusankha bwino pa moyo wawo komanso kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chaumoyo. Poikapo ndalama pazamaphunziro ndi kampeni yodziwitsa anthu, maboma atha kupatsa anthu chidziwitso ndi maluso ofunikira kuti akhalebe ndi thanzi.

Makampani amatha kupanga malo othandizira omwe amaika patsogolo thanzi la ogwira ntchito powapatsa mwayi wopeza zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kulimbikitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupereka mapulogalamu athanzi. Pochita izi, makampani amatha kupititsa patsogolo zokolola, kuchepetsa kujomba, komanso kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha ogwira ntchito komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika ndalama pazodzitetezera kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto azachuma omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupuma pantchito msanga. Kutengera njira yokhazikika yomwe imaphatikiza thanzi ndi thanzi pamalo ogwira ntchito kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa nthawi yayitali kwa onse ogwira ntchito komanso bungwe lonse.

M'mbali zambiri, maboma ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pothandizira anthu kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Akhoza kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zomwe zimayendetsa malonda a zakudya, kukonza zolemba za zakudya, ndikulimbikitsa kupezeka kwa zakudya zotsika mtengo komanso zopatsa thanzi. Pogwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makampani opanga zakudya, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ndi mabungwe ammudzi, maboma akhoza kupanga njira zowonjezereka zopewera ndi kuthetsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ndondomekozi ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zithetse kusiyana kwa thanzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu onse ali ndi mwayi wopeza chuma ndi mwayi wofanana.

Zotsatira za ndondomeko yapadziko lonse pa kunenepa kwambiri

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mfundo zapadziko lonse za kunenepa kwambiri zingaphatikizepo:

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo oletsa omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo zakudya zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwa anthu (makamaka kwa ana) komanso zolimbikitsa zachuma zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. 
• Makampeni olimbikitsa olimbikitsa anthu kuchepetsa thupi.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama zaboma komanso zapadera kuti mupange njira zatsopano zochepetsera thupi, monga mankhwala atsopano, zida zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zamunthu, maopaleshoni, ndi zakudya zopangidwa mwaluso. 
• Kusalidwa ndi tsankho, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la munthu komanso moyo wawo wonse. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kulimbikitsa kukhudzika kwa thupi ndi kuphatikizikako kungalimbikitse gulu lovomerezeka ndi lothandizira.
• Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, monga zida zotha kuvala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni, kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera kulemera kwawo komanso thanzi lawo lonse. Komabe, kudalira ukadaulo kumatha kukulitsanso machitidwe ongokhala ndikuwonjezera nthawi yowonekera, zomwe zimathandizira kufalikira kwa kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kukankhira kumbuyo mfundo zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikulowerera pa chisankho chaumwini ndi ufulu, zomwe zimafuna kuti maboma akhazikitse ndondomeko zoyenera.
• Kusintha kwa zakudya zokhazikika komanso zakudya zochokera ku zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazachilengedwe pamene mukulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti n'zosemphana ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu kuyika malamulo ndi malamulo oletsa kadyedwe ka anthu ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi?
• Ndi mbali yanji yomwe mabungwe omwe si aboma angachite pothandizira kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi?