Kusintha kwakukulu: Kusintha jini kuchokera ku butcher kupita kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni

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Kusintha kwakukulu: Kusintha jini kuchokera ku butcher kupita kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni

Kusintha kwakukulu: Kusintha jini kuchokera ku butcher kupita kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Kusintha kwakukulu kumalonjeza kusintha njira yosinthira ma gene kukhala yolondola kwambiri.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • Mwina 10, 2023

    Ngakhale kusinthika, kusintha kwa majini kwakhala kosakayikitsa chifukwa cha njira yake yolakwika yodula zingwe zonse za DNA. Kusintha kwakukulu kwatsala pang'ono kusintha zonsezi. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito puloteni yatsopano yotchedwa prime editor, yomwe imatha kusintha kusintha kwa chibadwa popanda kudula DNA, kulola kulondola komanso kusintha kochepa.

    Prime editing nkhani

    Kusintha kwa ma gene kumalola asayansi kupanga masinthidwe olondola a ma genetic code of zamoyo. Ukadaulowu utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuchiza matenda obadwa nawo, kupanga mankhwala atsopano, ndikuwongolera zokolola. Komabe, njira zomwe zilipo, monga CRISPR-Cas9, zimadalira kudula zingwe zonse za DNA, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika ndi masinthidwe osadziwika. Kusintha kwakukulu ndi njira yatsopano yomwe ikufuna kuthana ndi izi. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupanga masinthidwe ambiri, kuphatikiza kuyika kapena kufufuta zigawo zazikulu za DNA.

    Mu 2019, ofufuza aku Harvard University, motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala ndi wasayansi Dr. David Liu, adapanga kusintha kwakukulu, komwe kumalonjeza kuti ndiye dokotala wa opaleshoni yemwe kusintha kwa majini kumafunikira podula chingwe chimodzi chokha. Matembenuzidwe oyambirira a njirayi anali ndi malire, monga kutha kusintha mitundu yeniyeni ya maselo. Mu 2021, mtundu wowongoka, wotchedwa twin prime editing, unayambitsa ma pegRNA awiri (prime editing guide RNAs, yomwe imakhala ngati chida chodulira) yomwe imatha kusintha ma DNA ambiri (ma pair opitilira 5,000, omwe ndi makwerero a DNA. ).

    Pakadali pano, ofufuza a Broad Institute adapeza njira zosinthira kuwongolera kwakukulu pozindikira njira zama cell zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu zake. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti machitidwe atsopanowa amatha kusintha bwino kusintha komwe kumayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda amtima, sickle cell, matenda a prion, komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka.

    Zosokoneza

    Kusintha kwakukulu kumatha kukonza masinthidwe ovuta kwambiri pokhala ndi DNA yodalirika yolowa m'malo, kuyika, ndi kufufuta. Kuthekera kwa luso laukadaulo lopanga majini akuluakulu ndi gawo lofunikanso, popeza 14 peresenti ya mitundu yosinthira imapezeka m'mitundu iyi. Dr. Liu ndi gulu lake amavomereza kuti teknoloji idakali yoyambirira, ngakhale ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke. Komabe, akuchititsa maphunziro ena kuti tsiku lina adzagwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wazithandizo. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, akuyembekeza kuti magulu ena ofufuza ayesanso ukadaulo ndikukulitsa zosintha zawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito. 

    Kugwirizana kwamagulu ochita kafukufuku kuyenera kuchulukirachulukira pamene kuyesa kowonjezereka kukuchitika m'gawoli. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa Cell adawonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa Harvard University, University of Princeton, University of California San Francisco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ndi Howard Hughes Medical Institute, pakati pa ena. Malinga ndi ochita kafukufukuwo, kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, adatha kumvetsetsa njira yosinthira kwambiri ndikuwongolera mbali zina zadongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizanowu umakhala fanizo labwino kwambiri la momwe kumvetsetsa mwakuya kungatsogolere kukonza zoyeserera.

    Mapulogalamu osintha kwambiri

    Ntchito zina zosinthira zoyambira zingaphatikizepo:

    • Asayansi akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuti akule ma cell athanzi ndi ziwalo zowaika pambali pakukonza masinthidwe mwachindunji.
    • Kusintha kuchokera ku zithandizo zochiritsira ndikuwongolera kukhala zowonjezera za majini monga kutalika, mtundu wamaso, ndi mtundu wa thupi.
    • Kusintha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zokolola komanso kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana kapena momwe zimakulirakulira.
    • Kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mabakiteriya ndi zamoyo zina zopindulitsa pantchito zamafakitale, monga kupanga ma biofuel kapena kuyeretsa chilengedwe.
    • Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wogwira ntchito kwa ma lab ofufuza, akatswiri a geneticists, ndi akatswiri a biotechnology.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Kodi maboma angayang'anire bwanji kusintha kwakukulu?
    • Kodi mukuganiza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kungasinthe bwanji momwe matenda obadwa nawo amachitidwira ndikuzindikiridwa?

    Maumboni anzeru

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