Quantum Supremacy: Yankho la kompyuta lomwe limatha kuthana ndi mavuto pa liwiro la quantum

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 20, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Quantum computing, pogwiritsa ntchito ma qubits omwe amatha kukhalapo nthawi imodzi monga 0 ndi 1, amatsegula zitseko zothetsera mavuto owerengera pa liwiro loposa makompyuta akale. Ukadaulowu uli ndi kuthekera kosintha mafakitale popangitsa kulosera kovutirapo, kusokoneza ma code a cryptographic, ngakhalenso kubwereza kuyanjana kwachilengedwe. Kufunafuna utsogoleri wa quantum kwadzetsa kupita patsogolo kodabwitsa, kuphatikiza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pamasanja a boson, komanso kumabweretsa zovuta monga zokhudzana ndi kuyanjana, nkhawa zachitetezo, komanso malingaliro adziko.

Chiwerengero cha Quantum Supremacy

Chilankhulo cha makina apakompyuta cha quantum chimagwiritsa ntchito ma qubits omwe amapezeka nthawi imodzi ngati 0 ndi 1 kuti afufuze njira zonse zomwe zingatheke, zomwe zingathetsere mitundu ina yamavuto owerengera mwachangu kuposa makompyuta akale. Lingaliro kumbuyo kwa njira yomalizayi limadziwika kuti quantum computing. Quantum supremacy, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti quantum advantage, ndi cholinga cha quantum computing field yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga makompyuta osinthika omwe amatha kuthetsa mavuto omwe makompyuta akale sangathe kuwathetsa. Kumene makompyuta akale amagwiritsa ntchito bits, makompyuta a quantum amagwiritsa ntchito qubits monga gawo lofunikira la chidziwitso.

Ndi mfundo ya superposition, qubits awiri akhoza kukhalapo mu malo awiri osiyana nthawi imodzi. Ma algorithms a Quantum amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lotchedwa quantum entanglement kuti agwirizane bwino ndi ma qubits, kupangitsa kuti kompyuta ya quantum iwonetse ukulu wake. Makompyutawa amatha kusokoneza ma code a cryptographic, kufananiza zochitika zamoyo ndi mankhwala, komanso kuchita zolosera zovuta kwambiri komanso kukonza bajeti pamakampani osiyanasiyana. 

Ukulu wa Quantum wawona kupita patsogolo kodabwitsa, ndi chimodzi mwazochita zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku Xanadu. Mu June 2022, kampani yaukadaulo yaku Canada ya Xanadu idanenanso za kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuyesa ma boson, pogwiritsa ntchito malupu a fiber optical ndi ma multiplexing kuti azindikire mafotoni 125 mpaka 219 kuchokera kumitundu 216 yofinyidwa, kunena kuti akuthamanga nthawi 50 miliyoni kuposa kuyesa kwam'mbuyomu, kuphatikizapo Google. Kupambana uku kumatsimikizira kusinthika komanso kusinthika kwa quantum computing, mabungwe osiyanasiyana akukankhira malire aukadaulo.

Zosokoneza

Kufunafuna quantum supremacy ndi zimphona zamakono ndi mayiko ndizoposa mpikisano wodzitamandira; ndi njira yopita kuzinthu zatsopano zowerengera. Makompyuta a Quantum, omwe amatha kuwerengera zovuta pa liwiro losayerekezeka ndi makompyuta akale, atha kubweretsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pakuwonjezera kuneneratu zanyengo mpaka kufulumizitsa kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndizambiri. 

Komabe, kukula kwa quantum computing kumabweretsanso zovuta komanso nkhawa. Njira zosiyanasiyana zamakompyuta a quantum, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Google kwa tchipisi ta superconducting ndi chithunzi cha China chojambula, zikuwonetsa kuti palibe njira yokhazikika pano. Kusafanana kumeneku kungayambitse zovuta zofananira ndikulepheretsa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa makompyuta a quantum kusokoneza njira zamakono zolembera kumabweretsa nkhawa zazikulu zachitetezo zomwe maboma ndi mabizinesi ayenera kuthana nazo.

Mbali ya geopolitical ya quantum supremacy sichinganyalanyazidwenso. Mpikisano wapakati pa maulamuliro amphamvu monga US ndi China pankhaniyi ukuwonetsa kulimbana kwakukulu kwaulamuliro waukadaulo. Mpikisano uwu ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo ndalama ndi kufufuza, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mafakitale ndi maphunziro. Komabe, zimabweretsanso chiwopsezo chopanga magawano aukadaulo pakati pa mayiko, zomwe zitha kubweretsa mikangano komanso kusalinganizika kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Mgwirizano ndi malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino pakupanga ndi kutumizidwa kwaukadaulo wa quantum kudzakhala kofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti phindu lake likugawidwa mokulira komanso moyenera.

Zotsatira za kukula kwa quantum 

Zotsatira zazikulu za ukulu wa quantum zingaphatikizepo:

• Mitundu yamtsogolo yamabizinesi ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a quantum kuti apereke mayankho abizinesi. 
• Kusintha kwachitetezo cha cybersecurity komwe kungapangitse kubisa komwe kuli kale kukhala kosatha ndikukakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayankho ovuta kwambiri a quantum encryption. 
• Kupititsa patsogolo njira zopezera mankhwala ndi kupanga makampani opanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala. 
• Kupititsa patsogolo njira zokongoletsedwa ndi ma portfolio omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani azachuma. 
• Kupanga kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito m'mabizinesi onse omwe amadalira mayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa, kutumiza, kutumiza, ndi zina zambiri. 
• Tekinoloje ya Quantum kukhala malo otsatirawa azachuma pambuyo pa luntha lochita kupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoyambira zambiri pantchito iyi.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Makompyuta a Quantum adalonjezedwa kwa zaka makumi anayi, mukuganiza kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti azichita malonda?
• Ndi mafakitale ena ati omwe angawone zotsatira zazikulu kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito ukulu wa quantum?