Intaneti Yoletsedwa: Pamene chiwopsezo cha kuchotsedwa chimakhala chida

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• October 31, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Lamulo lapadziko lonse laufulu wachibadwidwe limavomereza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwasanduka ufulu wofunikira, kuphatikizapo ufulu woigwiritsa ntchito posonkhana mwamtendere. Komabe, mayiko ambiri akuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mowonjezereka. Zoletsa izi zimaphatikizapo kuzimitsidwa kuyambira pa intaneti komanso kulumikizidwa kwamanetiweki am'manja kupita ku zosokoneza zina, monga kuletsa ntchito kapena mapulogalamu enaake, kuphatikiza mapulatifomu ochezera ndi mapulogalamu otumizirana mauthenga.

Zoletsa pa intaneti

Panali zosachepera 768 zomwe boma lidasokoneza pa intaneti m'maiko opitilira 60 kuyambira 2016, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe losagwirizana ndi boma la #KeepItOn Coalition. Pafupifupi kuyimitsidwa kwa intaneti 190 kwalepheretsa misonkhano yamtendere, ndipo zisankho 55 zazimitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira Januware 2019 mpaka Meyi 2021, pachitika zina 79 zoletsa ziwonetsero, kuphatikiza zisankho zingapo m'maiko ngati Benin, Belarus, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Uganda, ndi Kazakhstan.

Mu 2021, mabungwe osapindula, Access Now ndi #KeepItOn adalemba milandu 182 yotseka m'maiko 34 poyerekeza ndi kutsekedwa kwa 159 m'maiko 29 komwe kunalembedwa mu 2020. Ndi kuchitapo kanthu kamodzi, kotsimikizika, maboma aulamuliro atha kupatula anthu awo kuti aziwongolera bwino zomwe amalandira.

Zitsanzo ndi akuluakulu a ku Ethiopia, Myanmar, ndi India omwe anatseka ntchito zawo za intaneti mu 2021 pofuna kuthetsa mikangano ndikukhala ndi mphamvu pazandale pa nzika zawo. Momwemonso, kuphulika kwa mabomba kwa Israeli ku Gaza Strip kunawononga nsanja za telecom zomwe zinathandizira zofunikira zoyankhulirana ndi zipinda zofalitsa nkhani za Al Jazeera ndi Associated Press.

Pakadali pano, maboma m'maiko 22 amaletsa njira zingapo zolumikizirana. Mwachitsanzo, ku Pakistan, aboma adaletsa mwayi wopezeka pa Facebook, Twitter, ndi TikTok zisanachitike ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi boma. M'maiko ena, akuluakulu adapitanso patsogolo ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma intaneti achinsinsi (VPN) kapena kuletsa kuwafikira.

Zosokoneza

Mu 2021, Special Rapporteur Clement Voule anapereka lipoti ku bungwe la United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHCR) kuti kutsekedwa kwa intaneti “kwakhalitsa” ndipo “kwakuvuta kwambiri kuzindikira.” Ananenanso kuti njirazi sizimangokhalira maulamuliro aulamuliro. Kutsekedwa kwalembedwa m'mayiko a demokalase mogwirizana ndi zochitika zambiri. Ku Latin America, mwachitsanzo, anthu oletsedwa kulowamo adalembedwa ku Nicaragua ndi Venezuela kokha kuyambira 2018. Komabe, kuyambira 2018, Colombia, Cuba, ndi Ecuador akuti avomereza kutseka chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zambiri.

Mabungwe achitetezo padziko lonse lapansi athandizira kuthekera kwawo "kuwongolera" bandwidth m'mizinda ndi zigawo zina kuti aletse ochita ziwonetsero kuti asayanjane pasadakhale kapena paziwonetsero. Mabungwe azamalamulowa nthawi zambiri amayang'ana pazama media ndi mameseji. Kuphatikiza apo, kusokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwapitilirabe pa nthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 ndikutsutsa kuti anthu apeze chithandizo chofunikira chaumoyo. 

Kuyimitsidwa kwa intaneti ndi mafoni am'manja kudatsagana ndi njira zina zoletsa, monga kupha atolankhani ndi omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe panthawi ya mliri. Kudzudzula anthu m'mabungwe apakati pa maboma monga UN ndi G7 sikunathe kuyimitsa mchitidwewu. Komabe, pakhala zipambano zina zamalamulo, monga pamene khoti la Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Community Court linanena kuti kutsekedwa kwa intaneti mu 2017 ku Togo kunali koletsedwa. Komabe, n’zokayikitsa kuti njira zoterezi zingalepheretse maboma kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti yoletsedwa.

Zotsatira za intaneti yoletsedwa

Zowonjezereka za intaneti yoletsedwa zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa bizinesi ndi mwayi wochepa wopeza chithandizo chandalama.
• Zosokoneza zambiri pantchito zofunika monga kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala, ntchito zakutali, ndi maphunziro, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto azachuma.
• Maboma aulamuliro akusunga mphamvu zawo pa mphamvu bwino kwambiri powongolera njira zolankhulirana.
• Magulu a zionetsero akugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyankhulirana popanda intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufalitsa uthenga kuchepe.
• UN ikukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa zoletsa pa intaneti padziko lonse lapansi ndikulanga mayiko omwe ali mamembala omwe satsatira.
• Mapulogalamu opititsa patsogolo maphunziro a digito akukhala ofunikira m'masukulu ndi m'malo antchito kuti azitha kuyang'ana malo opanda malire a intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala odziwa bwino.
• Kusintha njira zamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi kuti zigwirizane ndi misika yogawika yapaintaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zoyankhulirana, monga kuyankha ku ziletso za intaneti, kulimbikitsa njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito digito.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi ndi zochitika ziti zomwe zatsekedwa kwa intaneti m'dziko lanu?
• Kodi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za mchitidwewu ndi zotani?