Kukonzanso madamu opangira mphamvu: Kukonzanso zida zakale kuti apange mphamvu zakale m'njira zatsopano

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• July 8, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kukonzanso madamu akulu kuti apange mphamvu yamadzi kumapereka njira yabwino yothetsera mphamvu. Ngakhale izi zimawonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti zoyesererazi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Komabe, kupitirira mphamvu, madamu obwezeretsedwa amatha kupanga ntchito, kulimbikitsa ma gridi, ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikika ndi mgwirizano poyang'anizana ndi zovuta za nyengo.

Kukonzanso madamu amagetsi

Madamu akulu, omwe atha kukhala ndi vuto loyipa la chilengedwe chofanana ndi mafuta oyambira pansi, amatha kusinthidwanso kuti akwaniritse zolinga zabwino pomwe dziko lapansi likulandira mphamvu zatsopano zongowonjezedwanso. Chitsanzo chimodzi chodziwika bwino ndi pulojekiti ya Red Rock ku Iowa, yomwe inayambika mu 2011. Ntchitoyi ikuyimira gawo lalikulu, ndi madamu 36 ku US otembenuzidwa kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi kuyambira 2000.

Malo osinthidwa a Red Rock tsopano atha kupanga mpaka ma megawati 500 amphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kutulutsa uku ndi gawo la ma megawati 33,000 a mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo yomwe idawonjezeredwa ku US mu 2020. Nthawi yomanga madamu akuluakulu ku US ingakhale ikucheperachepera, koma kubwezeretsanso madamu akale opangira mphamvu yamadzi osati kokha. imapuma moyo watsopano mumakampani koma yatsala pang'ono kukhala gwero lalikulu la mphamvu zamagetsi mdziko muno.

Pamene dziko la US likukhazikitsa zolinga zofuna kuwononga gridi yake yamagetsi pofika chaka cha 2035, zokonda za omenyera mphamvu zamadzi ndi zachilengedwe zikugwirizana kwambiri pakukonzanso zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale kuti apange mphamvu zowonjezera. Kusanthula kwa 2016 kukuwonetsa kuti kukweza madamu omwe alipo kale kutha kuwonjezera ma megawati 12,000 a mphamvu yopangira magetsi ku gridi yamagetsi yaku US. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuvomereza kuti ma megawati 4,800 okha, okwanira kupitilira mabanja mamiliyoni awiri, atha kukhala opindulitsa pachuma pofika 2050.

Ngakhale madamu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi atha kuwonjezeredwa kuti apange mphamvu yamadzi, pali zodetsa nkhawa, makamaka kumadera monga West Africa ndi South America, komwe kubweza kwina mosadziwa kungayambitse kutulutsa mpweya wochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi magetsi opangira mafuta. 

Zosokoneza

Kusandutsa madamu akale kukhala malo opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi kungathandize kuti dziko likhale ndi mphamvu zongowonjezeranso mphamvu. Pokonzanso madamuwa, mayiko atha kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo zopangira magetsi kuchokera kumagwero ongowonjezedwanso. Izinso zitha kulola kuchepetsa kapena kutsekedwa kwa malo opangira magetsi opangira mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kusintha pang'onopang'ono kumagetsi oyeretsa. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kulepheretsa ntchito yomanga nyumba zopangira magetsi atsopano, mogwirizana ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi zothana ndi kusintha kwanyengo komanso kusintha kwa mphamvu zina zobiriwira. 

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa madamu akale kukhala malo opangira magetsi amadzi kukuyembekezeka kubweretsa mwayi kwa mabungwe omwe amagwira ntchito zowunika ndikukonzanso madamu. Pamene chidwi pazimenezi chikukulirakulira, makampaniwa akuyenera kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa mafunso abizinesi kuchokera kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chidwi chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo kale kuti apange mphamvu zowonjezera. Nthawi yomweyo, mayiko omwe akufuna kukulitsa mphamvu zawo zongowonjezera mphamvu atha kupeza mosavuta kupeza ndalama zothandizira ntchito zomanga madamu m'tsogolomu.

Pomaliza, madamu osinthidwawa atha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusungirako madzi amadzimadzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusinthika kwamphamvu kwachilengedwe. Poyang'anizana ndi kukwera kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse ndi nyengo yosayembekezereka, kuthekera kosunga mphamvu ndi kusunga madzi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Madamu, ophatikizidwa muzosungirako zoterezi, amapereka njira zodalirika zothetsera mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Njira yamitundumitundu iyi sikuti imangowonjezera mphamvu zongowonjezera mphamvu komanso imathandizira kulimba mtima pokumana ndi kusatsimikizika kokhudzana ndi nyengo.

Zotsatira zakukonzanso madamu kuti apereke mphamvu yamadzi

Zotsatira zakukonzanso madamu akale kuti apereke magwero atsopano opangira mphamvu yamadzi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutengera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kudzera pakukonzanso madamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogula achepetse mtengo wamagetsi komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya wa carbon.
• Kukhazikika kwa ma gridi amagetsi, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi mapulojekiti osungira madzi opopera, kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi ali odalirika komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa magetsi.
• Kupanga mwayi wantchito wamalipiro apamwamba m'magawo a zomangamanga ndi uinjiniya, kupindulitsa zigawo zomwe zikufuna kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wopeza ntchito.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zomwe boma limapereka, chifukwa ntchito zokonzanso madamu nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi ntchito zambiri zokonzanso zomangamanga m'maboma ndi mayiko.
• Kusintha kwa njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito mokhazikika ndi kupanga, motsogozedwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu yamadzi m'madamu omwe alipo, kulimbikitsa mfundo zachuma zozungulira komanso kupanga mphamvu kwachilengedwe.
• Kupeza mphamvu kwamphamvu, makamaka m'madera omwe amadalira kwambiri mafuta oyaka, zomwe zimathandizira kuti chuma cha mabanja chikhale cholimba.
• Kulimbitsa chitetezo champhamvu komanso kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chopereka zosokoneza komanso kusatsimikizika kwadziko.
• Kuthekera kwa kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pamapulojekiti amphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kulimbikitsa ubale waukazembe ndikuchepetsa mikangano yokhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
• Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe kudzera m'kuphatikiza madamu kukhala ntchito zosungira madzi opopera, kuthandizira kuteteza madzi pakati pa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kukonzanso madamu kuti akhale malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kungapangitse kuti njira zina zopangira magetsi azikonzedwanso kuti apange mphamvu zowonjezera?
• Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya hydropower itenga gawo lomwe likukulirakulira kapena kuchepa pakusakanikirana kwamphamvu kwapadziko lonse lapansi?