Misewu yodzikonza yokha: Kodi misewu yokhazikika ndiyotheka?

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 25, 2023

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magalimoto kwadzetsa chitsenderezo chachikulu kwa maboma pakukonzekera ndi kukonza misewu. Mayankho atsopano amalola mpumulo muulamuliro wa m'matauni pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokonza zowonongeka zowonongeka.   

Kudzikonza zokha misewu nkhani

Mu 2019, maboma ndi maboma ku US adapereka pafupifupi $203 biliyoni USD, kapena 6 peresenti ya ndalama zawo zonse, misewu yayikulu ndi misewu, malinga ndi Urban Institute. Ndalamazi zinapangitsa kuti misewu ikuluikulu ndi misewu ikhale yachisanu pakukula kwa ndalama zomwe zawonongeka chaka chimenecho. Ndalamazi zinakopanso chidwi cha osunga ndalama omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto kuti akweze phindu la ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za anthu. Makamaka, ofufuza ndi oyambitsa akuyesa zida zina kapena zosakaniza kuti misewu ikhale yolimba, yomwe imatha kutseka ming'alu mwachilengedwe.

Mwachitsanzo, akatenthedwa mokwanira, phula lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu yachikhalidwe limasanduka locheperako pang'ono ndikukulitsa. Ofufuza ku Netherlands adagwiritsa ntchito lusoli ndikuwonjezera ulusi wachitsulo pakusakaniza kwa msewu. Pamene makina olowetsamo amayendetsedwa pamsewu, zitsulo zimawotcha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asphalt ikule ndikudzaza ming'alu iliyonse. Ngakhale njira iyi imawononga 25 peresenti kuposa misewu wamba, ndalama zomwe zimatha kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wawo wonse ndikuzikonza zokha zimafika $95 miliyoni USD pachaka, malinga ndi Netherlands' Delft University. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wachitsulo umalolanso kutumiza deta, kutsegulira mwayi wamagalimoto odziyimira pawokha.

China ilinso ndi lingaliro lake ndi Su Jun-Feng waku Tianjin Polytechnic pogwiritsa ntchito makapisozi a polima omwe akukulirakulira. Izi zimakula kudzaza ming'alu ndi ming'alu iliyonse ikangopanga, kuletsa kuwola kwa msewu kwinaku akupangitsa kuti msewuwo ukhale wosaphwanyika.   

Zosokoneza 

Pamene sayansi ya zinthu ikupitabe patsogolo, maboma apitirizabe kuyika ndalama popanga misewu yodzikonza yokha. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi a ku Imperial College of London adapanga chipangizo chokhala ndi moyo (ELM) chopangidwa ndi mtundu wina wa cellulose ya bakiteriya mu 2021. Maselo a spheroid cell omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amatha kuzindikira ngati awonongeka. Mabowo atakhomeredwa mu ELM, adasowa patatha masiku atatu pamene maselo adasintha kuti achiritse ELM. Pamene mayesero owonjezereka ngati amenewa akuyenda bwino, kudzikonza misewu kungathe kusunga ndalama zambiri za boma pokonza misewu. 

Komanso, kuthekera kotumiza zidziwitso mwa kuphatikiza zitsulo m'misewu kumatha kuloleza magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) kuti awonjezerenso ali panjira, kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi ndikukulitsa mtunda womwe mitunduyi ingayende. Ngakhale mapulani omanganso atha kukhala kutali, makapisozi aku China 'otsitsimutsa' atha kupereka mwayi wotalikitsa moyo wamisewu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kochita bwino ndi zida zokhalamo kumapangitsa kuti kafukufukuyu ayendetse bwino m'derali chifukwa sakukonza ndipo akhoza kukhala okonda zachilengedwe kuposa magawo omwe amafanana.

Komabe, pakhoza kukhala zovuta patsogolo, makamaka poyesa matekinolojewa. Mwachitsanzo, Europe ndi US ndi okhwima kwambiri ndi malamulo awo konkire. Komabe, mayiko ena, monga South Korea, China, ndi Japan, akuyang'ana kale kuyesa zida zamsewu zosakanizidwa.

Zokhudza kudzikonza misewu

Zotsatira zokulirapo zodzikonzera zokha misewu zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha maenje ndi zolakwika zina zapamtunda. Momwemonso, kuchepetsedwa pang'ono mtengo wokonza magalimoto pamlingo wa anthu ukhoza kutheka. 
• Kuchepa kofunikira pakukonza misewu ndi ntchito yokonza. Phinduli lingathandizenso kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa magalimoto pachaka komanso kuchedwetsa ma metric omwe amadza chifukwa cha ntchito yokonza zotere.
• Zomangamanga zabwino zothandizira magalimoto odziyimira pawokha komanso amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawa achuluke kwambiri.
• Kuchulukitsa ndalama popanga zida zina ndi zokhazikika zamisewu yamtsogolo, komanso zofunsira ntchito zina zamagwiritsidwe ntchito aboma.
• Mabungwe apadera akuphatikiza matekinolojewa pakupanga nyumba zamalonda ndi zogona, makamaka m'madera omwe amapezeka ndi zivomezi.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuwona bwanji kuti misewu yodzikonza yokha ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zingafunike kuthana nazo kuti zitheke?
• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kuziganizira posankha kutengera misewu yodzikonzera yokha kapena ayi?