Genetic scoring: Likotsi tse baloang tsa ho fumana mafu a lefutso

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• February 17, 2022

Batho ba bangata ba na le maloetse a bakoang ke ho fetoha ha lefutso le le leng kapa tse ngata tsa bona, boemo boo hangata bo susumetsoang ke lefutso le maemo a tikoloho. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba ithuta ka liphetoho tsena ho fumana kutloisiso e tebileng ea karolo e phethoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso mafung a itseng. 

Tsela e 'ngoe ea hore batho ba ithute ka kotsi ea bona ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu ke "polygenic risk score," e hlahlobang palo eohle ea liphetoho tsa lefutso tse amanang le lefu lena. 

Boemo ba liphatsa tsa lefutso

Bafuputsi ba arola mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso ka lihlopha tse peli: (1) mafu a lefutso le le leng le (2) mafu a rarahaneng kapa a polygen. Mafu a mangata a futsitsoeng a ama batho ba likete-kete, 'me hangata a ka saloa morao ho mefuta e fapaneng ea lefutso le le leng, athe mafu a polygenic a bakoa ke mefuta e mengata ea genomic, e tsamaisanang le maemo a tikoloho, joalo ka lijo, boroko le maemo a khatello ea maikutlo. 

Ho bala palo ea polygenic risk score (PRS), bafuputsi ba khetholla mefuta e fapaneng ea genomic e teng ho batho ba nang le mafu a rarahaneng le ho bapisa le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho ba se nang mafu ao. Lintlha tse ngata tse fumanehang tsa genomic li lumella bafuputsi ho bala hore na ke mefuta efe e fumanehang hangata ho batho ba nang le lefu le itseng. Lintlha li kenngoa k'homphieutheng, joale mekhoa ea lipalo-palo e ka sebelisoa ho hakanya kotsi ea motho bakeng sa lefu le itseng. 

Tšitiso ea Tšitiso 

PRS e ka sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho li bapisoa joang le ba nang le lefu la lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, ha e fane ka motheo kapa nako ea tsoelo-pele ea mafu; e bontsha feela dikamano eseng mabaka. Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse ngata tsa genomic ho fihlela joale li hlahlobile batho ba nang le litloholo tsa Europe feela, ka hona, ha ho na data e lekaneng mabapi le mefuta e fapaneng ea genomic ho tsoa lichabeng tse ling ho bala PRS ea bona hantle. 

Bafuputsi ba fumane hore hase mafu ’ohle, a kang botenya, a nang le likotsi tse fokolang tsa lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea PRS lichabeng e ka thusa ho tseba hore na motho ea itseng o na le monyetla oa ho ba le mafu, joalo ka mofets'e oa matsoele, bakeng sa ho kenella kapele le ho ntlafatsa sephetho sa bophelo bo botle. Ho fumaneha ha PRS ho ka etsa hore tlhahisoleseling ea kotsi ea mafu e be ea motho ka mong, 'me ea ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ka kakaretso kaha e ka khothaletsa batho ho etsa liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa bophelo ho thibela kapa ho liehisa ho qala ha mafu. 

Ts'ebeliso ea lintlha tsa lefutso

Likopo tsa tlhahlobo ea lefutso li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Ho bapisa lithethefatsi litekong tsa bongaka ho batho ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu leo ​​ba lekang ho le phekola.
• Ho bokella lintlha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso mehatong ea taolo ea seoa ka ho fumana setšoantšo se betere sa lintlha tsa lefutso tse etsang hore batho ba itseng ba hlaseloe ke likokoana-hloko tse itseng. 
• Ho lekanya matla a kelello le a 'mele a lesea ho tsebisa batsoali ka mehato e ka bang teng ea kholo ea kholo kapa menyetla ea ho holisa kholo ea ngoana nakong e tlang.
• Ho lekanya sebopeho sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mehlape le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng ho lekola maemo a tsona a ho mafu a itseng a liphoofolo. 

Lipotso tseo u ka fanang ka maikutlo ho tsona

• Na liphatsa tsa lefutso li boima ho feta maemo a tikoloho ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho fumana mafu? 
• Na hoa utloahala hore lik'hamphani tsa inshorense li sebelise PRS ho lekola litefello tse lefuoang ke batho ka bomong?