Organoids: Ho theha litho tse sebetsang ka ntle ho 'mele oa motho

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• November 12, 2021

Li-Organoids, liphetolelo tse nyane tsa litho tsa motho tse entsoeng ka lisele tsa stem, li fetola lefapha la bongaka ka ho fana ka mokhoa o sa hlaseleng oa ho ithuta mafu le kalafo ea liteko. Li-replica tsena tse nyane tsa setho, leha li sa rarahane joalo ka tsa 'nete, li thusa bafuputsi ho fumana leseli le tebileng mabapi le' mele oa motho le nts'etsopele ea maloetse, e leng se ka lebisang kalafong e sebetsang le e etselitsoeng motho ka mong. Leha ho le joalo, ha theknoloji ea organoid e ntse e tsoela pele, e hlahisa mathata a macha, ho kenyelletsa le tlhoko ea melaoana ea ho sireletsa boinotši ba liphatsa tsa lefutso le monyetla oa ho mpefatsa ho se lekane ha tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle.

Boemo ba Organoids

Li-organoids, ha e le hantle, ke mefuta e nyane ea litho tsa motho. Ke lihlopha tse nang le mahlakore a mararo a lisele, tse entsoeng ka boqhetseke ho tloha liseleng tsa stem, tseo e leng lisebelisoa tsa 'mele, tse khonang ho hlahisa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa sele. Li-organoid tsena, leha li e-so hole ka botlalo, li na le monyetla oa ho fetoha libopeho tse etsisang litho tse itseng tsa motho. 

Sena se khoneha ka ho sebelisa litaelo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ka har'a lisele. Le ha li-organoid li se na ho rarahana ho felletseng ha litho tsa 'nete tsa motho, li fana ka mokhoa o mong o sebetsang oa ho ithuta litho tse sebetsang ntle le ho sebelisa mekhoa e hlaselang kapa liteko ho batho ba phelang. Bafuputsi ba na le tšepo mabapi le bokhoni ba li-organoids e le sesebelisoa sa ho fumana kutloisiso e tebileng 'meleng oa motho le mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele ea mafu. 

Mohlala, phuputso ea 2022 e phatlalalitsoeng koranteng Nature e bontšitse kamoo li-organoid tsa boko li ka sebelisoang ho ithuta mafu a methapo ea kutlo joalo ka Alzheimer's. Bafuputsi ba ile ba khona ho etsa mohlala oa tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena ho li-organoids, ho fana ka leseli la bohlokoa methating ea lona ea pele. Patlisiso ea mofuta ona e totobatsa bokhoni ba li-organoids joalo ka sesebelisoa se matla thutong ea mafu le ho sibolla lithethefatsi.

Thuto ea 2023 ho Hepatol Commun koranta e bontšitse hore li-organoid tsa sebete li ka sebelisoa ho lekola katleho ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa mafu a sebete, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka liteko tsa liphoofolo. Sena ha se fane feela ka mokhoa o nepahetseng haholoanyane oa tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi, empa hape le mokhoa o nepahetseng haholoanyane, kaha li-organoids li ka etsa hantle karabelo ea motho ho lithethefatsi.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ts'ebeliso ea li-organoids ho ithuteng mafu a sa tloaelehang le ho etsa lithuto tsa kalafo ke mokhoa o kanna oa ba le litlamorao tse tebileng tsa nako e telele lefapheng la bongaka. Mohlala, bokhoni ba ho "holisa" boko bo tsamaisanang le ts'ebetso ea methapo, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ke bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea California Los Angeles ka 2021, ke tsoelo-pele e kholo. Ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafala, ho lebeletsoe hore li-organoids li tla khona ho etsisa litho tse ling tse rarahaneng tse kang pelo. Phuputso ea 2022 e phatlalalitsoeng ho meeling ba sebelisitse li-organoid tsa pelo ho batlisisa tsoelo-pele ea mafu a pelo, ho fana ka lintlha tse ncha mabapi le mekhoa ea bona ea motheo.

Meriana ea motho ka mong, li-organoid li ka etsoa ho tsoa liseleng tsa 'nete tsa motho ea tšoeroeng ke lefu le sa tloaelehang, ho lumella lingaka ho ithuta setšoantšo se haufi sa setho se amehileng. Leha ho le joalo, sena se boetse se totobatsa e 'ngoe ea mefokolo ea li-organoids: ho haella ha tikoloho e ts'oanang, e tsitsitseng bakeng sa pōpo ea bona. Phapang ena e ka etsa hore ho be thata ho bafuputsi ho bapisa liphetho lithutong tse fapaneng. 

Mebuso e kanna ea hloka ho nahana ka litlamorao tsa boitšoaro tsa ho sebelisa li-organoid, haholo-holo tse etsisang tšebetso ea boko ba motho haufi. Ho feta moo, melaoana e tla hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e bolokehileng le e nepahetseng ea theknoloji ena. Ho sa le joalo, lik'hamphani li ka sebelisa theknoloji ea organoid ho nts'etsapele lithethefatsi le liphekolo tse ncha, tse ka bulang mebaraka e mecha le mehloli ea chelete. Leha ho le joalo, ba kanna ba hloka ho shebana le liphephetso tsa ho theha li-organoid khafetsa ho netefatsa ho ikatisa le ho ts'epahala ha lipatlisiso tsa bona. 

Liphello tsa li-organoids

Litlamorao tse pharaletseng tsa li-organoids li ka kenyelletsa:

• Lithuto tse qaqileng tsa litho tsa 'mele moo bafuputsi ba thehang sehlopha sa li-organoids ho etsa liteko tse fapaneng tsa kalafo. 
• Lithuto tse ncha tsa kalafo ea lithethefatsi ka ho fetola lisele tse fapaneng ka har'a organoid hore li sebelisane le mefuta e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale.
• Boenjiniere ba lisele moo bo-ramahlale ba neng ba ka hohela li-organoid hore li fetohe meaho e meng.
• Phokotso e kholo ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kaha kalafo e sebetsang haholoanyane le e etselitsoeng motho ka mong bakeng sa maloetse e ka fokotsa bolelele le litšenyehelo tsa ho robala sepetlele.
• Mokhoa o nepahetseng haholoanyane oa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le liphetoho tse ka bang teng molaong oa litokelo tsa liphoofolo.
• Matšoenyeho a lekunutu joalo ka ha tlhaiso-leseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea batho e tla hloka ho bolokoa le ho sebelisoa ho theheng li-organoid tsena, tse hlokang melaoana e mecha ho sireletsa lekunutu la lefutso.
• Ho mpefala ha ho se lekane ho teng ha tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle kaha phihlello ea liphekolo tse ntlafalitsoeng ho sebelisoa theknoloji ena e ka fella feela ho ba ka e khonang.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Na u nahana hore li-organoid li ka qetella li ntlafalitsoe ka ho lekana hore li ka nkela litho sebaka? Ke hobane'ng kapa hobane'ng?
• Na u ka ikemisetsa ho amohela transplant ea organoid?