Leano la lefats'e la botenya: Boitlamo ba machaba ba ho honyela ha letheka

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• November 26, 2021

Ho kenya ts'ebetsong melaoana e sebetsang ea botenya ho ka ntlafatsa liphello tsa bophelo bo botle le ho matlafatsa batho ka bomong ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo, ha lik'hamphani li ka theha libaka tse tšehetsang tse ntlafatsang boiketlo le tlhahiso. Mebuso e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng melaoana e laolang thekiso ea lijo, ho ntlafatsa ho ngoloa ha phepo e nepahetseng, le ho netefatsa phihlello e lekanang ea khetho ea phepo e nepahetseng. Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa maano a lefats'e mabapi le botenya li kenyelletsa ho eketseha ha lichelete bakeng sa litharollo tsa ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho ameha ka sekhobo sechabeng, le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea bophelo bo botle.

Leano la lefats'e mabapi le maemo a botenya

Botenya bo ntse bo eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara, e leng se lebisang litlamoraong tse kholo tsa moruo le bophelo bo botle. Ho feta karolo ea 70 lekholong ea batho ba baholo linaheng tse nang le chelete e tlaase le e bohareng ba batenya kapa ba batenya, ho latela likhakanyo tsa 2016 tse tsoang ho World Bank Group. Ho feta moo, linaha tsa moruo o tlaase li na le moroalo o habeli oa khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le botenya. 

Ha chelete ea motho e ntse e phahama, boima ba botenya bo fetela libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa linaha tse nang le meputso e tlase le e bohareng. Libaka tsa mahaeng li etsa karolo ea 55 lekholong ea keketseho ea botenya lefatšeng ka bophara, 'me Asia Boroa-bochabela, Latin America, Asia Bohareng le Afrika Leboea li nka karolo ea 80 kapa 90 lekholong ea phetoho ea morao tjena.

Ho feta moo, baahi ba lichaba tse ngata tse tlaase le tse bohareng ba kotsing ea mafu a sa tšoaetsanoeng (NCDs) ha BMI ea bona e feta 25 (e khetholloang e le boima bo feteletseng) bakeng sa lintlha tse sa tšoaneng tsa lefutso le epigenetic. Ka hona, botenya baneng bo kotsi haholo, bo ba beha kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le li-NCD tse fokolisang qalong ea bophelo le ho lula le bona nako e telele, ho ba amoha bophelo bo botle le bokhoni ba moruo oa sechaba. 

Lipampiri tsa morao-rao tsa saense tse hatisitsoeng ho The Lancet li bontša hore ntle le ho phekola botenya, ho fetola lijo le mekhoa ea lijo le hona ho bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata a ntseng a eketseha a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le bothata bo tsoelang pele ba khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng ea bana. Banka ea Lefatše le balekane ba bang ba nts'etsopele ba boemong bo ikhethang ba ho thusa bareki linaheng tse nang le meputso e tlaase, e bohareng le e phahameng ho fokotsa botenya ka ho tsamaisa matšolo a tlhokomeliso ka bohlokoa ba mekhoa ea lijo tse phetseng hantle. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho kenya ts'ebetsong melaoana e sebetsang ea botenya ho ka lebisa liphellong tse ntlafetseng tsa bophelo bo botle le boleng bo phahameng ba bophelo. Ka ho khothalletsa mekhoa e metle ea ho ja le ho ikoetlisa, batho ka bomong ba ka fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le mathata a amanang le botenya, a kang mafu a sa foleng le bokooa. Ho feta moo, maano ana a ka matlafatsa batho ka bomong ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng mabapi le mokhoa oa bona oa bophelo le ho holisa setso sa bophelo bo botle. Ka ho tsetela matšolong a thuto le tlhokomeliso, mebuso e ka fa batho ka bomong tsebo le tsebo e hlokahalang ho boloka bophelo ba bona bo botle.

Likhamphani li ka theha maemo a ts'ehetsang a etelletsang boiketlo ba basebetsi pele ka ho fana ka phihlello ea lijo tse matlafatsang, ho khothaletsa boikoetliso ba 'mele le ho fana ka mananeo a bophelo bo botle. Ka ho etsa joalo, lifeme li ka ntlafatsa tlhahiso, tsa fokotsa ho ba sieo mosebetsing, le ho ntlafatsa boitšoaro le boitlamo ba basebetsi. Ho feta moo, ho tsetela mehatong ea thibelo ho ka thusa ho fokotsa moroalo oa moruo o amanang le litšenyehelo tse amanang le botenya le ho tlohela mosebetsi pele ho nako. Ho amohela mokhoa o akaretsang o kopanyang bophelo bo botle le boiketlo mosebetsing ho ka ba le phello e ntle ea nako e telele ho basebetsi le mokhatlo ka kakaretso.

Ka tekanyo e pharaletseng, mebuso e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho bopeng karabelo ea sechaba ho botenya. Ba ka etsa melaoana e laolang thekiso ea lijo, ho ntlafatsa ho ngoloa ha phepo e nepahetseng, le ho khothaletsa boteng ba lijo tse theko e tlaase le tse matlafatsang. Ka ho sebelisana le ba amehang ba fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa indasteri ea lijo, litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le mekhatlo ea sechaba, mebuso e ka theha maano a felletseng a ho thibela le ho laola botenya. Melao ena e lokela ho raloa ho sebetsana le ho se lekane ha bophelo bo botle le ho netefatsa phihlello e lekanang ea lisebelisoa le menyetla bakeng sa batho bohle.

Liphello tsa leano la lefats'e mabapi le botenya

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa leano la lefats'e mabapi le botenya li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ntlafatso ea melao e thibelang e batlang ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lijo tse rekisetsoang sechaba (haholo-holo bana ba banyenyane) hammoho le likhothatso tsa moruo tse reretsoeng ho khothaletsa boikoetliso ba 'mele. 
• Liphutuho tse matla haholoanyane tsa thuto ea sechaba tse khothalletsang melemo ea ho theola boima ba 'mele.
• Keketseho ea lichelete tsa sechaba le tsa poraefete ho nts'etsapele litharollo tse ncha tsa ho theola boima ba 'mele, joalo ka meriana e mecha, lisebelisoa tsa boikoetliso, lijo tse ikhethileng, liopereishene le lijo tse entsoeng ka boenjiniere. 
• Khethollo ea sechaba le khethollo, e amang bophelo bo botle ba kelello le boleng ba bophelo ka kakaretso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho khothaletsa boiketlo ba 'mele le kenyeletso ho ka khothaletsa sechaba se amohelang le ho tšehetsa.
• Likhatelo-pele tsa theknoloji, joalo ka lisebelisoa tse ka roaloang le lisebelisoa tsa mehala, li matlafatsa batho ka bomong ho beha leihlo le ho laola boima ba bona le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, ho itšetleha ka theknoloji ho ka boela ha mpefatsa boitšoaro ba motho ea lutseng fatše le ho eketsa nako ea skrine, e leng se tlatselletsang seoa sa botenya.
• Pheheletso khahlanong le maano a bonahalang a kena-kenana le khetho ea motho le tokoloho, a hlokang hore mebuso e thehe maano a leka-lekaneng.
• Phetoho ho litsamaiso tsa lijo tse tšoarellang le lijo tse thehiloeng limela tse nang le litlamorao tse ntle tsa tikoloho ha ho ntse ho sebetsanoa le botenya.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Na u lumela hore ho khahlanong le litokelo tsa mantlha tsa botho ho beha melao le litaelo ho laola lijo tsa batho le mesebetsi ea 'mele?
• Mekhatlo eo e seng ea 'muso e ka phetha karolo efe ho thusa ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle?