Likamano tsa matsoalloa a merafo: Na indasteri ea merafo e atolosa mangolo a eona a boitšoaro?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• E se eka 1, 2023

Meetlo, mekhoa le malumeli a matsoalloa a moo li amana haufi-ufi le tikoloho ea tsona le linaha tsa habo tsona. Ho sa le joalo, tse ngata tsa likopo tsena tsa mobu oa matsoalloa li na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaho tseo mebuso le liindasteri li batlang ho li rafa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa mebaraka, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa meralo ea motheo ea matla a ka nchafatsoang lefatšeng ka bophara. Likamano tse ncha lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani tsa merafo le baahi ba matsoalloa a moo li ka bona tharollo e nepahetseng likhohlanong tsena tsa thahasello tse ntseng li tsoela pele, le ka mokhoa o ka fokotsang tšusumetso e tobileng ea tikoloho ho linaha tsa matsoalloa, metsi le litso.

Likamano tsa matsoalloa a morafo

Batho ba Stk'emlupsemc te Secwepemc profinseng ea Canada ea British Columbia ba itloaetsa ho lisa likhama le ho ba le likamano tsa moea le naha; leha ho le joalo, likopo tsa naha ea moloko ona li na le lisebelisoa tse kang koporo le khauta tse bakileng likhohlano lipakeng tsa morabe le profinse. Mabaka a Masami a Sweden le Norway a boetse a sokeloa ke merafo, 'me mokhoa oa bona oa ho iphelisa oa ho lisa likhama le ho tšoasa litlhapi o kotsing ka lebaka la tšebeliso e 'ngoe ea mobu.   

Linaha le melao ea tsona qetellong li lokafatsa ho hatakeloa ha litokelo tsa maaborigine haeba ho lebisa ntlafatsong ea sechaba, leha lipuisano le matsoalloa a moo hangata e le tlamo. Karolong e ka sehloohong, lik'hamphani tsa merafo li tsoela pele ho rafa pele le ho sebetsana le liphello hamorao. Maemong a kang ho senya mekhoa ea boipheliso masimong a matsoalloa a Papua, ba bolela kamoo naha e leng thepa ea naha le hore matšeliso a lichelete a lefshoe ho sechaba. Tšebeliso ea matla e tloaelehile le linaheng tse nang le likhohlano. 

Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa 2010, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa merafo li ile tsa qala ho lokolla litlaleho tsa boikarabello ba mekhatlo ho bontša boikarabelo ba bona ba tikoloho le sechaba, hangata ho ntlafatsa maikutlo a indasteri. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, palo e nyane empa e ntse e eketseha ea lifeme tsena e leka ho batla baeletsi ho ba tsebisa hore na ba ka sebetsa hantle joang le litso tsa matsoalloa.   

Tšusumetso e senyang 

Indasteri ea merafo e tobane le tieho e ntseng e eketseha ea ho fumana tumello ea merero, 'me mokhoa ona o lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele. Lebaka le ka sehloohong la mokhoa ona ke ho nyatsoa ho ntseng ho eketseha ha indasteri le khatello e sebelisoang ke baahi ba matsoalloa a moo, lihlopha tsa tikoloho le baahi ba amehileng. Lekala hona joale le tšoaretsoe maemong a holimo mabapi le litokelo tsa matsoalloa le litlhahlobo tsa phello ea tikoloho. Ba tla hloka ho sebelisana haufi-ufi le sechaba sa lehae le ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho pele ba qala ts'ebetso.

Hona joale matsoalloa a moo a batla ho fana ka lentsoe le leholo mabapi le hore na merero ea merafo e reriloe le ho etsoa joang masimong a bona. Likhamphani tsa merafo li tla tlameha ho kena lipuisanong tse molemo le lichaba tsena, ho hlompha litokelo tsa bona, le ho fumana tumello e nang le tsebo pele li qala mesebetsi ea merafo. Ts'ebetso ena e ka baka tieho le ho eketseha ha litšenyehelo. Leha ho le joalo, e ka boela ea theha tekanyetso e ncha e tsitsitseng haholoanyane nakong e telele.

Linaha li boetse li leka ka matla ho sebelisana le batho ba matsoalloa a moo. Ka mohlala, Sweden le Norway li batla ho fa batho ba Masami matla a ho laola linaha tsa bona. Mohato ona ke karolo ea mokhoa o pharaletseng oa ho ela hloko litokelo le boipuso ba matsoalloa lefatšeng ka bophara. Ha baahi ba bangata ba matsoalloa a moo ba etsa boipelaetso khahlanong le tšebeliso e sa lokang ea masimo a bona, mebuso le lik'hamphani tsa merafo li ka ’na tsa fumana khatello e ntseng e eketseha ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa litokelo tsa botho, ’me habohlokoa le ho feta, bareki le bo-ramatsete ba nang le maikutlo a matle.

Litlamorao tsa likamano tsa matsoalloa a morafo

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa likamano tse ntlafetseng tsa merafo li ka kenyeletsa:

• Litlamorao tsa merafo tikolohong e fumanang tlhahlobo e kholoanyane ea sechaba ha mathata a matsoalloa a ntse a pepesoa.
• Keketseho ea litokomane tsa ts'ebeliso ea matla le litlolo tsa molao khahlano le batho ba matsoalloa a matsoalloa a entsoeng ho fihlella masimo a bona a thibetsoeng. 
• Mebuso e tobaneng le khatello e eketsehileng ea ho lefa baahi ba matsoalloa a moo bakeng sa tlhekefetso ea histori ea linaha le meetlo ea bona. 
• Linaha le lik'hamphani li theha menyetla ea lipuisano le kutloisiso, tse ka thusang ho theha tšepo le ho fokotsa likhohlano sechabeng. 
• Lik'hamphani li khona ho fumana tsebo ea setso le boitseanape ka ho kenyelletsa batho ba matsoalloa mosebetsing oa merafo, e leng se ka lebisang mekhoeng e sebetsang hantle le e tsitsitseng ea merafo. 
• Ntlafatso le kamohelo ea lithekenoloji tse ncha tse loketseng litlhoko tsa lichaba tsa matsoalloa. 
• Menyetla ea mesebetsi ea matsoalloa a lehae le ntlafatso ea litsebo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lik'hamphani tsa merafo li ka eketsa khiro ea tsona kapa lipuisano le bo-ramahlale ba kahisano le litsebi tsa thuto ea batho.
• Lik'hamphani tsa merafo li hlokoa ho ikamahanya le melao le melaoana e tobileng e amanang le litokelo tsa matsoalloa le tšebeliso ea mobu. Ho hloleha ho ikamahanya le melao ena ho ka lebisa likhohlanong tsa molao le ho senya botumo.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Linaha le lik'hamphani li ka netefatsa joang hore likamano tsa tsona le sechaba sa matsoalloa li theiloe holim'a tlhompho le kutloisisano?
• Baahi ba matsoalloa a moo ba ka etsa bonnete ba hore litokelo tsa bona li sirelelitsoe joang molemong oa merero ea merafo?