Quantum Supremacy: Tharollo ea komporo e ka rarollang mathata ka lebelo la quantum

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• March 20, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Khomphutha ea Quantum, e sebelisa li-qubits tse ka bang teng ka nako e le 'ngoe e le 0 le 1, e bula mamati a ho rarolla mathata a khomphutha ka lebelo le fetang likhomphutha tsa khale. Theknoloji ena e na le monyetla oa ho fetola liindasteri ka ho nolofalletsa ho bolela esale pele ka mokhoa o rarahaneng, ho senya li-cryptographic codes, esita le ho pheta litšebelisano tsa baeloji. Ho lelekisa bophahamo ba quantum ho lebisitse tsoelopeleng e makatsang, ho kenyeletsoa tsoelopele e kholo ea sampole ea boson, empa hape e hlahisa liphephetso tse joalo ka litaba tsa tšebelisano, mathata a ts'ireletso, le menahano ea tikoloho.

Boemo ba bophahamo ba Quantum

Puo ea mochini oa komporo ea quantum e sebelisa li-qubits tse teng ka nako e le 'ngoe e le 0 le 1 ho hlahloba litsela tsohle tse ka khonehang, tse ka rarollang mefuta e meng ea mathata a khomphutha ka potlako ho feta likhomphutha tsa khale. Mohopolo oa mokhoa ona oa ho qetela o tsejoa e le quantum computing. Boholo ba quantum, bo tsejoang ka hore ke quantum advantage, ke sepheo sa lefapha la komporo ea quantum e ikemiselitseng ho aha komporo ea quantum e hlophisitsoeng e ka rarollang mathata ao komporo ea khale e ke keng ea khona ho e rarolla. Moo lik'homphieutha tsa khale li sebelisang li-bits, lik'homphieutha tsa quantum li sebelisa qubits e le karolo ea motheo ea tlhahisoleseding.

Ka molao-motheo oa superposition, li-qubits tse peli li ka ba teng libakeng tse peli tse fapaneng ka nako e le 'ngoe. Li-algorithms tsa Quantum li sebelisa mohopolo o bitsoang quantum entanglement ho hokahanya li-qubits ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, ho nolofalletsa komporo ea quantum ho bonts'a bophahamo ba eona. Lik'homphieutha tsena li ka khona ho senya li-cryptographic codes, ho pheta-pheta litšebelisano tsa likokoana-hloko le lik'hemik'hale, hammoho le ho etsa mesebetsi e rarahaneng ea ho bolela esale pele le ho etsa moralo oa lichelete mefuteng e mengata ea lik'homphieutha. 

Boholo ba Quantum bo bone tsoelo-pele e makatsang, ka e 'ngoe ea lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tse tsoang Xanadu. Ka Phuptjane 2022, feme ea thekenoloji ea Canada Xanadu e tlaleha tsoelo-pele e kholo ea sampole ea boson, e sebelisa loops ea optical fiber le multiplexing ho fumana moelelo oa li-photon tse 125 ho isa ho tse 219 ho tsoa mefuteng e 216 e petelitsoeng, e reng e potlakile ka makhetlo a limilione tse 50 ho feta liteko tse fetileng. ho kenyeletsa le tsa Google. Katleho ena e totobatsa semelo se matla le se fetohang ka potlako sa khomphutha ea quantum, ka mekhatlo e fapaneng e sutumelletsang meeli ea theknoloji.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho lelekisa bophahamo ba quantum ke linatla tsa theknoloji le lichaba ho feta peiso ea litokelo tsa boithoriso; ke tsela ea menyetla e mecha ea khomphutha. Lik'homphieutha tsa Quantum, tse nang le bokhoni ba ho etsa lipalo tse rarahaneng ka lebelo le ke keng la nahanoa ka likhomphutha tsa khale, li ka lebisa tsoelo-peleng e kholo mafapheng a fapaneng. Ho tloha ho matlafatseng bolepi ba leholimo ho ea ho potlakisang ea ho sibolloa ha lithethefatsi, ts'ebeliso e ka bang teng e mengata. 

Leha ho le joalo, nts'etsopele ea komporo ea quantum le eona e tlisa mathata le matšoenyeho. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea komporo ea quantum, joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea Google ea li-chips tsa superconducting le prototype ea China ea lifoto, e bonts'a hore ha ho na mokhoa o tloaelehileng. Ho hloka ho tšoana hona ho ka lebisa mathateng a tšebelisano 'me ha sitisa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e fapaneng. Ho feta moo, bokhoni ba lik'homphieutha tsa quantum ho senya mekhoa ea morao-rao ea ho ngolisa bo hlahisa matšoenyeho a tebileng a tšireletso ao mebuso le likhoebo li lokelang ho li rarolla.

Karolo ea geopolitical ea bophahamo ba quantum le eona e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa. Tlhōlisano pakeng tsa mebuso e meholo e kang US le Chaena lefapheng lena e bontša ntoa e pharaletseng bakeng sa puso ea theknoloji. Tlhōlisano ena e ka tsamaisa matsete a eketsehileng le lipatlisiso, ho khothalletsa kholo ea liindasteri le thuto tse amanang. Leha ho le joalo, e boetse e beha kotsi ea ho baka likarohano tsa theknoloji pakeng tsa lichaba, mohlomong tse bakang tsitsipano le ho se leka-lekane tšusumetsong ea lefatše. Tšebelisano 'moho le maikutlo a boitšoaro ho nts'etsopele le ho tsamaisoa ha thekenoloji ea quantum e tla ba senotlolo sa ho netefatsa hore melemo ea eona e arolelanoa ka bophara le ka boikarabelo.

Liphello tsa boholo ba quantum 

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa bophahamo ba quantum li ka kenyelletsa:

• Mehlala ea khoebo ea nako e tlang e sebelisang likhomphutha tsa quantum ho fana ka tharollo ea khoebo. 
• Phetoho ea ts'ireletso ea cybersecurity e tla etsa hore encryption e neng e le teng e se ke ea sebetsa le ho qobella ho amoheloa ha litharollo tse thata ho feta tsa quantum encryption. 
• Ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho sibolla lithethefatsi le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ea lik'hamphani tsa meriana le tsa lik'hemik'hale. 
• Ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea li-portfolio tse sebelisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa litšebeletso tsa lichelete. 
• Ho hlahisa boholo ba katleho likhoebong tsohle tse itšetlehileng ka thepa, mohlala, mabenkele, thepa, thepa, le tse ling. 
• Theknoloji ea Quantum e fetoha sebaka se latelang sa matsete ka mor'a bohlale ba maiketsetso, e leng se lebisang ho tse ling tse qalang tšimong ena.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Lik'homphieutha tsa Quantum li tšepisitsoe ka lilemo tse mashome a mane, u nahana hore ho tla nka nako e kae hore li rekisoe?
• Ke liindasteri life tse ling tse ka bonang litlamorao tse kholo ts'ebelisong ea boholo ba quantum?